Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On College Students - 1587 Words

A great deal of students experience issues related to sleep when coming to college. These issues in sleep can be related to stress, going out and coming home late, or difficulties in adjusting to the college life. There are many ways college students are able to seek help for their difficulties in sleep. Sleep deprivation cannot only cause fatigue but also health issues such as a weakened immune system. College is said to be one of the best times of someone’s life, but with sleep difficulties it is hard to enjoy all that college has to offer. With the help of peer educators, it is easier to raise awareness and provide help to college students on ways to deal with sleep difficulties. Within the social ecological model I would like to aim prevention at the community level. The community level impacts the environment surrounding the targeted population. If the prevention is for college students it is wise to aim for the community in which the students interact on the most, the college campus. On the college campus, peer educators are able to set up tables to raise awareness on the issues with sleep difficulties. If a school’s wellness center is able they can offer free or reduced sleep studies. Another way that peer educators can aim to reach college students on campus is to hold interactive functions such as bingo or a corn hole game where one learns about the complications with sleep difficulties by being difficult. Many students do not realize how sleep impacts them untilShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On College Students1217 Words   |  5 Pages Although acquiring the basic amount of sleep seems to be an easy task, college students are struggling to snag even a couple hours of sleep, thus significantly affecting their four domains of development during a crucial developmental period in their lives. College students are going through the development period, Emerging Adulthood, which is from the ages of 18 to 25 years old. During this period of time, adolescents tend to focus on their self-development and discover their identity and the fourRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On College Students Essay1319 Words   |  6 Pages Sleep deprivation is a frequent obstacle that many college students in America face. Insomnia in college students can have an immense impact on psychological and physical health, which greatly influence academic success. Research shows that 70% of college students qualify as sleep deprived. Sleep deprivation has also been linked with several diseases/disorders, including: depression, anxiety , and obesity. Our research question investigated how sleep deprivation in college students affectsRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On College Students987 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Sleep is an incredibly important physiological action that functions as a period of growth, repair, rest, and relaxation for the human body (â€Å"Sleep,† 2015). As a population, college students are notorious for their skewed sleep patterns and their overall lack of getting the sufficient number of hours of sleep they need to perform optimally in school. Cramming the night before exams by pulling an â€Å"all-nighter† as well as the overall excessive number of distractions that present themselvesRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On College Students908 Words   |  4 PagesCauses of Sleep Deprivation Insufficient and irregular sleep has been rated the top impediment to college students’ academic performance (Ye, Johnson, Keane, Manasia, Gregas, 2015). Although it is documented that for centuries students’ academic performance has been negatively affected by sleep disturbance, college students continue to have irregular sleep schedule and undergo self-imposed sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation in college-age students tend to occur for multiple different reasons. SomeRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On College Students1448 Words   |  6 Pagesyou haven’t answered half of the questions as the professor exclaims, â€Å"Time’s up!† Sleep deprivation is a reoccurring issue on college campuses. Many students are unaware of the effects of sleep deprivation, because they believe that they are invincible and that they don’t need any sleep to function throughout the day. We should become aware of the mental and physical effects of sleep deprivation in college students, because by becoming aware of the issues, solutions can be established to reduce theRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation Among College Students3363 Words   |  14 Pages The Effects of Sleep Deprivation among College Students: A Psychological and Sociological Approach Integrative Project: Final Submission Synthia Paramathypathy Marianopolis College Sleep plays a major role in people s lives. Evidence has shown that enough sleep promotes good health and well-being (Ojikutu, R. 2010). It plays a key role in maintaining a healthy brain function,in helping to establish emotional well-being, and in improving overall health since it repairs the heart and bloodRead MoreThe Effect Of Sleep Deprivation On Academic Performance Of College Students Essay2242 Words   |  9 PagesThe Effect of Sleep Deprivation on the Academic Performance of College Students Sleep is something that every human experiences nearly every night. It is essential for achieving personal wellness, similar to how a nutritious diet and exercise are needed in order to be healthy. However, the stereotype of college students sometimes staying awake extremely late at night in order to finish their assignments still persists. This is a very unhealthy lifestyle choice if it is done repeatedly. In order forRead MoreSleep Deprivation Persuasive Speech1577 Words   |  7 PagesSpeech for Students’ Chronic Sleep Deprivation Introduction: A. Attention Getting Opening: Over the past ten to twenty years, academic demands placed upon college students have increased significantly, this has lead to an increase in workload and amount of time needed to study for a specific course. Today, college students represent the most sleep-deprived division of the population in the U.S. (Sleep and Memory). According to Gayla Martindale, 63% percent of the students who attend college do notRead MoreSleep Deprivation Essay1183 Words   |  5 PagesSleep is a necessity that people require to live a healthy lifestyle, and to partake in daily activities. Sleep is something that improves concentration, physical health, and provides energy. Steve Jobs once said, â€Å"For you to sleep well at night, the aesthetic, the quality, has to be carried all the way through.† Steve Jobs is proclaiming that to receive the full benefits of sleep, people must sleep the recommended hours. College students continue to undergo a lack of sleep as they persist throughRead MoreSleep Deprived College Students ( All Nighters )1556 Words   |  7 PagesAlyssa Arce Comm 150 Professor Matos January 25, 2016 Sleep Deprived College Students (All-Nighters) I. Intro a. Attention Getter: The famous â€Å"all-nighter†, where college students stay up all night studying, and preparing for a midterm, or even a final, in hopes to get an A. As a class we’ve all probably did an all-nighter once in our academic career to obtain the grades we want. However, according to ABC news, an article by Gillan Mohney, published in 2015, states that a person with blood-alcohol

Fourth Amendment Of United States Constitution - 1139 Words

ASSIGNMENT – 1 Somalaraju Sateesh Kumar Raju 700628655 1. Fourth amendment of United States Constitution protects people from being undergone unwarranted searches and prevent their things from being taken away by authorities without proper authorization. If any government official or agent want to search an individual or their belongings, they should have proper reason to do that and get permission from the judge. Fourth amendment of United States constitution states that it is â€Å"the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated; and no Warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.† (Fourth Amendment - U.S. Constitution, n.d.) The fourth amendment was proposed on September 25th, 1789 along with eleven other amendments and ratified in 1791 by three-fourths of the state legislatures. (Bill of Rights Transcript) 2. For a police officer to search a car, he should â€Å"reasonably believe† that passengers might be carrying something. They do not need a warrant because cars are not houses. (Maryland v. Dyson, U.S Sup. Ct. 1999) (Searches and Seizures: The Limitations of the Police, n.d.) If officers have a probable cause to search the car, they can frisk remaining passengers and their belongings also. If they found any incriminating evidence like narcoticShow MoreRelatedThe Fourth Amendment Of The United States Constitution1327 Words   |  6 PagesThe fourth amendment to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights, and was introduced to Congress by James Madison in 1789. The role of the Fourth Amendment is to prohibit unreasonable search and seizure and a warrant is to be required that is supported by probable cause. Even though the Amendment was introduced in 1789, it wasn’t adopted as an official amendment until 1792, because in December of 1791 three quarters of the states had ratified the amendment. The fourth amendmentRead MoreThe Fourth Amendment Of The United States Constitution1747 Words   |  7 PagesThe Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution applies to a person and their home by providing protection against unreaso nable seizures and searches. While it provides protection, not every search and seizure can be deemed unreasonable unless it is classified as per the law, by determining whether there was: a) the level of intrusion of the individuals Fourth Amendment, and b) whether or not it pertains to the government’s interest, such as safety of the public. The right to protectionRead MoreEssay on Violating the Fourth Amendment Rights of Antoine Jones788 Words   |  4 PagesIn this case, I am presenting an individual citizens Fourth Amendment protection captivated from Jones and others individuals. The government started investigating Jones with a suspicions conspiracy of drug trafficking. A tracking device installed on the defendants’ vehicle after a terminated authorize a warrant permanent to the Government to search and install a GPA on Jones vehicle. Antoine Jones and others with the same conspiracy of the investigation were sentenced life imprisoned by the DistrictRead MoreThe Bill Of Rights Of The United States Constitution Essay1359 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bill of Rights contains the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. These first ten amendments were ratified on December 15, 1791. The Bill of Rights define and interpret constitutional rights and protections that are guaranteed under the US Cons titution. The following text is a transcription of the first ten amendments to the Constitution in their original form. â€Å"Amendment I Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exerciseRead MoreEssay about Privacy Under the Fourth Amendment928 Words   |  4 PagesPrivacy Under the Fourth Amendment Katz V. The United States The petitioner Mr. Katz was arrested for illegal gambling, he had been gambling over a public phone. The FBI attached an electronic recorder onto the outside of the public phone booth. The state courts claimed this to be legal because the recording device was on the outside of the phone and the FBI never entered the booth. The Supreme Court Ruled in the favor of Katz. They stated that the Fourth Amendment allowed for the protectionRead MoreThe First Articles Of Confederation971 Words   |  4 Pagesthis was the United States first Articles of Confederation. The Articles’ final debut wasn’t until November 15, 1777 but to officially become one it had to make its way through every individual state to be ratified or accepted (Articles of Confederation). Later came the American Revolution which led the states dispute over political differences in other words the bickering over land Between Virginia and Maryland leading to a consequence of a 5 year delay. Soon majority of the states accepted andRead More Mapp v. Ohio Fourth Amendment Case Essay1284 Words   |  6 PagesMapp v. Ohio: Controversy of the Fourth Amendment Ms. Dollree Mapp and her daughter lived in Cleveland, Ohio. After receiving information that an individual wanted in connection with a recent bombing was hiding in Mapps house, the Cleveland police knocked on her door and demanded entrance. Mapp called her attorney and subsequently refused to let the police in when they failed to produce a search warrant. After several hours of surveillance and the arrival of more officers, the police again soughtRead MoreThe Fourth Amendment And The Fourteenth Amendment987 Words   |  4 PagesCitizens are protected by two constitutional amendments, under the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution, any search of a person or his premises (including a vehicle), and any seizure of tangible evidence, must be reasonable. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularlyRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States Essay1455 Words   |  6 PagesThe constitution serves six purposes, by which the people will attempt to: create a union, establish and maintain justice, maintain tranquility between our neighbors, provide for a common defense, promote the general welfare of the people and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity (Vile. 2015). The written constitution clearly limits the power of the government. Prohibiting the government from becoming dictators. The constitution of the United States clearly outlines howRead MoreImagine You Are On A Family Road Trip You Drive Through1403 Words   |  6 Pagessearched, and the persons or things to be seized. (U.S. Constitution - Amendment 4 - The U.S. Constitution Online - USConstitution.net, 2017) The constitution, through the Fourth Amendment, protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government. The Fourth Amendment, is not guarantee against all searches and seizures, only those are deemed unreasonable under the law. (What Does the Fourth Amendment Mean?, 2017) The Fourth Amendment requires that in order for any government official

Tale Of Two Cities Sydney Carton Fool free essay sample

Narrative Of Two Cities Sydney Carton, Fool Or Hero Essay, Research Paper Many people want to be remembered as sufferer or heroes ; to hold proven their devotedness to a individual or cause, and many people have and do decease for this. Some of their deceases may hold been in vain ; foolish, hotheaded forfeits of themselves that had no true consequence, or some of the deceases may hold furthered merely causes and strengthened beliefs or saved the twenty-four hours. A deeper, case-specific expression must be used to judge the true heroes from suicide sufferer caught in a tantrum of passion. An illustration of self-sacrifice arises in A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens when Sydney Carton, an alcoholic taking a by and large suffering life, sacrifices himself so the hubby of the adult female he adores ( Lucie Manette ) can populate. He does this by exchanging topographic points with Charles Darnay, Lucie s hubby, merely before Darnay s executing. We will write a custom essay sample on Tale Of Two Cities Sydney Carton Fool or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Whether the switch was a epic title or a foolish one can be debated, or possibly Carton can be both a hero and a sap. Carton can easy be seen by the Darnay and Manette households as a hero, he made them all happy, non to advert Carton kept his earlier promise to Lucie that he would decease to salvage person beloved to her. For you, and for any beloved to you, I would make anything. If my calling were of that better sort that there was any chance or capacity of forfeit in it, I would encompass any forfeit for you and for those beloved to you, he had earlier promised to Lucie. Besides, it could be considered honest of Carton to take a decease when he could hold been oblique and acquire closer to Lucie in her bereavement by soothing her. Possibly Carton besides valued the lives of others more than his ain. Quite a applaudable trait, if true. Merely every bit good, Carton is a spot of a sap. Salvaging Darnay s life did non change history or anything minute mentous. Carton killed himself for no solid cause. Possibly Carton died over a boylike infatuation with a beautiful adult female he could neer hold, and he thought the lone manner to acquire any esteem from her was in decease, instead than for the interest of the lives of Darnay and his kids. After all is said and done, Carton brought felicity to the lives of Darnay, Lucie, their Child, and their households by giving his individual life. His death was a good title and had positive wake, but might hold been done more as cogent evidence of devotedness to Lucie than an existent attention for the life of Darnay and his household s feelings aside from Lucie s. Basically, Carton likely died merely to turn out a point and travel out in an honest manner, cognizing he would at least be remembered for a few coevalss as a hero. Had he non died the manner he did, he likely would hold died a cipher and a rummy. He likely knows that Darnay and Lucie would call a kid in award of him, and Carton sees that slightly as a manner of get downing anew. His desire to get down his life over once more is clearly reflected when he tells Lucie, have had unformed thoughts of endeavoring afresh, get downing afresh, agitating off sloth and sensualness, and contending out the derelict battle. A dream, all a dream, that ends in nil, and leaves the slumberer where he lay down, but I wish you to cognize that you inspired it. So, Carton is a hero and a sap. He has by and large good purposes, but they are inspired by his infatuation with Lucie Manette. Carton ended his suffering life and enriched the lives of a household. A good-willed and logical determination, if those were his grounds. Anyone who dies to salvage others is difficult to believe of every bit excessively much of a sap ; even if their motive was egoistic or stupid, they saved several lives and decidedly will be a hero in the eyes of those saved.

Psychodynamic play theory

Play therapy is a way of expressing feelings in children especially where stressful events are involved since children are unable to communicate by mouth as effectively as adults. Thus, they make use of play to express their inner feelings and interpersonal conflicts. Psychodynamic play therapy is utilized where a therapist is involved in listening to the details of a child’s play and emphasizes the causes of the child’s experiences in regard to motions of the child’s body.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Psychodynamic play theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, the child is able to express and cope with certain difficulties with the help of the therapist. This is done by the therapist getting involved in the context of the play to help the child identify the difficulty, express it emotionally and engage in solving it. The therapist, therefore, has to interpret the play in a meaningful way and then communicate with the child to elucidate indifferent engagement(s) expressed by the child during the play. In order for this to work effectively, the play or activity involved should be made interesting to the child. For instance, a therapist may choose to engage in an argumentative puppet conversation with the child. The argument could be based on a topic that is sensitive to the child or one that the therapist had noticed some reaction from the child. This way, the therapist identifies certain feelings from the child through verbal expression and this puts him/her in the best position to engage in problem solving. This could as well be done as part of the play. For example, the therapist may continue with the puppet conversation but this time, focuses on addressing the solution by telling the child what needs to be done about the problem in discussion. Psychodynamic play theory functions in finding out the complexity associated with a child’s be havior. Psychodynamic play therapy provides education, ego support, and therapist activity which are not present in the common psychotherapy. The recommendation of this type of therapy implies belief that it applies to children with a certain mental diagnosis and is preferable to other approaches, and assessment that the child is capable thereof. Psychodynamic play therapy could be linked to treatment of psychological disorders in many children especially autistic ones. Autism represents a syndrome or collection of symptoms originating primarily from a basic neurological deficit in information processing and emotional communication. Consequently, psychological defenses against states are experienced as a result of those deficits. Lack of crucial socializing experiences during development as a result of both the deficits and the defenses is also associated with autism in children. Moreover, and whatever the origins, the autistic child’s development is profoundly altered, for b etter or worse, by his or her early environment and the critical interaction with his/her family.Advertising Looking for critical writing on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There exists a wide range in the severity of the initial biological predisposition and the early life experiences, such that some children may be born so disabled that parents, however healthily nurturing, make limited impact; whereas other children may be born with a milder innate vulnerability, but encounter significantly damaging parenting. However the situation, psychodynamic pay therapy may significantly make great impacts in the lives of autistic children by getting to understand how they feel about their conditions. This way, they may be engaged in playful activities to make them feel as part of the society and also to interact with other normal children. Psychodynamic play theory is not only therapeutic to children, but also educat ive. Through such plays, children get to learn many things alongside getting therapy and having fun. This critical writing on Psychodynamic play theory was written and submitted by user Raquel Wilder to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Both Antigone and Creon deserve our sympathy Essays

Both Antigone and Creon deserve our sympathy Essays Both Antigone and Creon deserve our sympathy Paper Both Antigone and Creon deserve our sympathy Paper and we feel much anguish and sorrow for her. Although for the most part Antigone is a character who is well deserving of the audiences pity, there are some instances in the play when we feel her behaviour is not acceptable. Antigone would certainly not have been considered a conventional character by Sophocless contemporaries. Her brave and fiery nature is a far cry from the submissive, docile temperament women were expected to have in ancient times. Her bold actions may have seemed like the right thing to do, but perhaps she was overstepping the mark. She did, after all, disobey Creons orders and consequently break the laws of state. For this reason, many would condemn Antigones rash impudence. When Antigone speaks with her sister Ismene, the audience feel once again that perhaps she is taking her violent passion too far. Ismene begs her to obey the law, even though she too loves her brother and would like to see him receive a proper burial. She is far more prudent than Antigone, and warns her: Remember we are women, were not born to contend with men. Then too, were underlings, ruled by much stronger hands, o we must submit in this, and things still worse. We can see that Ismene loves her sister dearly and wants to protect her from the terrible punishment which her crime will result in. However, instead of heeding her sisters words, or thanking her for her concern, Antigone turns on Ismene and speaks to her very harshly. She says: Id never welcome you in the labour, not with me. So do as you like-whatever suits you best. This hot-headed response makes Antigone a far less favourable character in the audiences eyes, particularly considering Ismenes genuine anxiety and care for her sister. Similarly, when Antigone says Ill hate you all the more for youre silence we feel her contempt is unreasonable and unmerited. Even when the crime has been discovered, Ismene remains faithful to her sister and implores Antigone to let her share the guilt and the consequence. This makes us all the more astonished at Antigones fierce reply: Who did the work? Let the dead and the god of death bear witness! I have no love for a friend who loves in words alone. When we consider that Ismene is totally innocent, and yet prepared to sacrifice her own life for her sister, Antigones abusive behaviour seems ruthless and unacceptable. We can find no sympathy for such malicious conduct and blind obstinacy. Like Antigone, another character who arouses a mixture of emotions within the audience is Creon. In some instances we feel empathy for him, and are in accordance with his actions, whilst in others we find his behaviour far from laudable. Despite her troubled past and unnatural parentage, Creon has promised Antigone in marriage to his own son, Haemon. This was a magnanimous decision on his part, particularly considering the disadvantage Oedipus female children would find themselves at in acquiring a husband. Indeed, Oedipus himself said that no man would ever want to marry them for the shame and disgrace he had brought upon their heads. Creon could have chosen any wife for Haemon, but instead, he took pity on Antigone, even though the union may have proven potentially scandalous in public opinion. Creon is a conscientious ruler, and at first he appears to be quite the noble and benevolent king. Deep down, he wants the best for Thebes. He will not tolerate traitors endangering his city state, and expresses such fine and patriotic sentiments in his opening speech: I could never stand by silent, watching destruction arch against our city, putting safety to rout, nor could I ever make that man a friend of mine who menaces our country. Creon is also fairly pious, which would have been approved of by the contemporary audience, and is something which even the modern audience can appreciate. He believed he was doing the gods a favour by punishing his nephew. When Polynices marched on Thebes with his army, he not only committed the crime of treason, but also that of sacrilege in burning the temples and holy places of the city. Creon found this intolerable and as such felt he was doing right by the gods in punishing Polynices. The audience can admire the more honourable characteristics of Creon, however misguided his actions may have been. He is a man of his word, and one who refuses to see laws broken. For this, the audience holds him in high esteem. During the play, Creon proves himself to be quite the tyrant, and the audience find him a far less appealing protagonist. However, at the end of the play, we feel more pity for him than we thought possible. After he has discovered the error of his ways, he rushes to Antigones vault to try and make amends, only to find her hanging from the roof of the cavern. Haemon is also there, and in his desperation and fury, he stabs himself, flinging his arms around Antigone in a final embrace. The loss of his only son must have been a tremendous blow for Creon as we can tell from his dialogue with the chorus leader and the messenger. He says: Oh my plans, my frantic heart, my son cut off so young! Ai, dead, lost to the world not through your stupidity, no , my own. It seems that Creon has learned his lesson too late, and all his repentance and sorrowful lamentations are in vain. When Creons wife, Eurydice, hears the news of her sons death, she too takes her own life, adding to Creons misery. Although he did bring about the destruction of his family, and has no one to blame but himself, we do feel immense pity for Creon. When he says: Oh god, the misery, anguish- I, Im churning with it, going under we sympathise with tremendous loss and utter desperation. He is no longer the great and formidable king, but a man broken by misery and anguish. Although we do feel sympathy for Creon in some instances in the play, for the most part he is a character to whom the audience do not take kindly. Like his predecessor Oedipus, he quickly changes from the admirable and generous ruler of Thebes, to the dominant, tyrannical king. This radical transformation occurs fairly on in the play, when the sentry announces that someone has buried the body and broken the laws of state. Creon swiftly turns his anger on the sentry, accusing him of having a hand in the matter and brutally threatening to string him up alive. Believing the sentry to have been bribed, he also threatens to have the immorality wrung out of him. This violent paranoia is reminiscent of the behaviour of Oedipus. Just as Oedipus did, Creon bombards Tiresias with an onslaught of threats and abuse, promising that he will pay the price. He ignores the good advice of the prophet, assuming he too has been bribed. Creon says: You and the whole breed of seers are mad for money and calls his prophecies a lie. His short temper and highly suspicious mind lessen our opinion of Creon. We cannot pity a man who refutes all the good advice given to him but blindly follows his own course of action. indeed, there is a point in the play where Creon says, as ruler of Thebes, the people must follow his orders whether they be right or whether they be wrong. This attitude is rather disconcerting, and the contemporary audience would probably have been extremely disturbed by Creons dictator-like behaviour. Creon also treats Antigone and her sister very harshly once he has discovered the truth. He has the nerve to call her a slave and subordinate, and even insults Ismene, who had no hand in the crime. He turns on her, saying: You! In my own house, you viper, slinking undetected, sucking my life-blood! . Such cruel words seem unnecessary and repellent. The way he talks to Antigone is perhaps even worse. He says: The stiffest stubborn wills fall the hardest; he toughest iron, tempered and strong in the white-hot fire, youll see it crack and shatter first of all. These threats seem ironic indeed, for who could be more stubborn and wilful than Creon himself? He seems to have absolutely no regard for the bonds of kinship, and treats his own niece as a mere criminal, and inferior. He even dares to change her punishment from stoning to being locked away and starved, making her death far slower and more painful. Again, our opinion of Creon is lowered by his unacceptable behaviour. When Haemon attempts to offer his father good counsel, again Creon spurns and insults him.. Haemon acts as a kind of mediator between the king and the people of Thebes. He knows that there will be public outrage on the death of Antigone, who is already being hailed as a heroine and martyr. However, despite the backing of the chorus leader, who agrees that Haemon is talking sense Creon fails to be moved by his son. In fact, an argument ensues, in which Creon calls Haemon you degenerate. We feel Creon is very foolish in ignoring his sons advice, particularly seen as Haemon acts as the voice of public opinion. The audience at this point have no sympathy for Creon and would gladly see him punished for his misdemeanours. When the chorus leader dares to suggest that the burial may have been a token act of the gods, Creon is furious. Although he believed himself to have been doing the gods a favour in punishing Polynices, in reality his actions were arrogant and egotistical. He has overstepped the mark in thinking he can act as an equal to the gods, who regard it as their duty to punish the perpetrators of sacrilege. Not only this, but in priding himself on being a man who abides by the laws of state, he has forgotten that he is breaking the unwritten laws of the gods. It was also the custom and tradition of Thebes to bury traitors outside of the city walls. In conclusion, I would say that both Antigone and Creon deserve our pity, however, not in equal amounts. Overall, I felt Antigone to be the more deserving character. Although at times she is capricious and hot tempered, it was her love for her family and a respect for the gods that drove her to carry out her crime. Creon, in contrast shows none of this love. He initially believes that money was the sole reason for the crime, never suspecting that it might have been committed for a different motive. He shows himself to be cold and heartless, turning on the members of his family and severing the bonds of kinship with ease.

60 Synonyms for Walk

60 Synonyms for Walk 60 Synonyms for â€Å"Walk† 60 Synonyms for â€Å"Walk† By Mark Nichol When you walk the walk, talk the talk: Replace the flat-footed verb walk with a more sprightly synonym from this list: 1. Amble: walk easily and/or aimlessly 2. Bounce: walk energetically 3. Clump: walk heavily and/or clumsily 4. Falter: walk unsteadily 5. Foot it: depart or set off by walking 6. Footslog: walk through mud 7. Gimp: see limp 8. Hike: take a long walk, especially in a park or a wilderness area 9. Hobble: walk unsteadily or with difficulty; see also limp 10. Hoof it: see â€Å"foot it† 11. Leg it: see â€Å"foot it† 12. Limp: walk unsteadily because of injury, especially favoring one leg; see also falter 13. Lumber: walk slowly and heavily 14. Lurch: walk slowly but with sudden movements, or furtively 15. March: walk rhythmically alone or in a group according to a specified procedure 16. Mince: walk delicately 17. Mosey: see amble; also, used colloquially in the phrase â€Å"mosey along† 18. Nip: walk briskly or lightly; also used colloquially in the phrase â€Å"nip (on) over† to refer to a brief walk to a certain destination, as if on an errand 19. Pace: walk precisely to mark off a distance, or walk intently or nervously, especially back and forth 20. Parade: walk ostentatiously, as if to show off 21. Perambulate: see stroll; also, travel on foot, or walk to inspect or measure a boundary 22. Peregrinate: walk, especially to travel 23. Plod: walk slowly and heavily, as if reluctant or weary 24. Pound: see lumber 25. Power walk: walk briskly for fitness 26. Prance: walk joyfully, as if dancing or skipping 27. Promenade: see parade 28. Pussyfoot: walk stealthily or warily (also, be noncommittal) 29. Ramble: walk or travel aimlessly (also, talk or write aimlessly, or grow wildly) 30. Roam: see ramble 31. Sashay: see parade 32. Saunter: to walk about easily 33. Scuff: to walk without lifting one’s feet 34. Shamble: see scuff 35. Shuffle: see scuff (also, mix, move around, or rearrange) 36. Stagger: walk unsteadily (also, confuse or hesitate, or shake) 37. Stalk: walk stealthily, as in pursuit 38. Step: walk, or place one’s foot or feet in a new position 39. Stomp: walk heavily, as if in anger 40. Stride: walk purposefully, with long steps 41. Stroll: see saunter 42. Strut: see parade 43. Stumble: walk clumsily or unsteadily, or trip 44. Stump: see lumber 45. Swagger: walk with aggressive self-confidence 46. Tiptoe: walk carefully on the toes or on the balls of the foot, as if in stealth 47. Toddle: see saunter and stagger; especially referring to the unsteady walk of a very young child 48. Totter: see stagger (also, sway or become unstable) 49. Traipse: walk lightly and/or aimlessly 50. Tramp: see lumber and hike 51. Trample: walk so as to crush something underfoot 52. Traverse: walk across or over a distance 53. Tread: walk slowly and steadily 54. Trip: walk lightly; see also stumble 55. Tromp: see lumber 56. Troop: walk in unison, or collectively 57. Trot: see nip 58. Trudge: see plod 59. Waddle: walk clumsily or as if burdened, swinging the body 60. Wander: see ramble Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Grammar Test 1How to Play HQ Words: Cheats, Tips and Tricks20 Ways to Cry

Ethics Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Ethics Case - Essay Example Yet, employees might find it even more difficult to report unethical transactions or behaviors directly to their superiors, which makes hotline accessibility a better practice. Employee hotline would be helpful to report other issues such as harassment and breach of employee rights. Bringing to light all wrong doings in an organization is also a type of control mechanism to adhere to expected standards of ethical conduct; and, whistle blowing is certainly one of them, which makes it an ethical practice. Besides job responsibilities, employees hold the moral and ethical responsibility of protecting the company’s image and reputation, which can be accomplished by implementing ethical conduct and strong control mechanisms. The external vendors and suppliers form relationship with the company for business purposes and not with employees though employees are only a medium for communication and transaction. Whistle blowing with respect to transactions between the purchasing agents and vendors will not only set the right example for others but also warn the vendors and suppliers of their position and relationship with the organization. In order to safeguard their relationship and business interests, vendors will ensure ethical and legal transactions with the co mpany eventually, lest they can be replaced by others from the market. Hence, whistle-blowing should be regarded as ethical and employees must be encouraged to highlight any unethical instances in the business. These ethical practices in the long run will also help the company in achieving better outcomes, sustainability and better reputation in the market, which will help the company in its future growth. In order to encourage usage and increase the effectiveness of hotline in a smaller organization, it would be better to partner with external hotline facility service providers, like the EPS Employee Hotline Program. After establishing a hotline service, the management has

Learning Team Reflective Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Learning Team Reflective Article - Essay Example The principles of teamwork often exploit the social care theory and practices. The first advantage of teamwork is that it usually improves communication since it is a platform of increasing sharing of ideas, hopes, feelings, and desires among parties who respect and trust each other. Additionally, teamwork encourages flexibility that often depends on willingness to adapt, change, and learns skills of being open minded. The social care theory expects a good care worker to be flexible enough to be able to change in the light of new knowledge since it is the opportunity to acquire new knowledge and skills (Löwstedt, 2007). Team work is also advocated as a means of improving negotiation that is usually considered as the willingness to discuss issues through consultation with clients, management, and colleagues as a means of solving a problem towards discussing to an amicable solution to issues and problems. It should be noted that teamwork sometimes calls for comprise, collaboration, and or confrontation between the involved parties (Löwstedt, 2007). Therefore, teamwork often instills good negotiation skills and must be ready to compromise and relinquish their stand whenever necessary. Teamwork often encourages the growth of skill and ideas due to sharing ideas from different people who are believed to have a different understanding and knowledge in different fields and aspects that the team is involved. Therefore, it is clear theta teamwork increases the productivity of the persons or parties involved in the team work. Team members are often encouraged to work together and share most of the available resources in the implementing the task ahead of them thereby allowing each team member to have a subordinate concern (Löwstedt, 2007). This enables them to contribute their individual knowledge, skills, and resources are meeting the set goals. The collective

Enforcing Racial Discrimination Essay Example for Free

Enforcing Racial Discrimination Essay The series of photographs documented by the Farm Security Administration of the Office of War Information photographers were taken between 1937 and 1943, presumably during the years the unit was in operation. These photographers were tasked to document various manifestations of change and continuity in the prevalent American life, and this resulted in a vivid collection of images that particularly focused on the practice of racial segregation. Curiously, while the photographers were not officially acknowledged to have been directed to document specific scenes, the prints produced exhibited a skew toward signs that indicate racial discrimination and segregation (LOC 2004). Among the thirty-one photos included in the series, all depict signs situated in a number of locations such as bus and train stations, restaurants, cafes, bars, movie theaters, stores, and billiard halls. These signs also collectively show the use of words such as â€Å"colored† and â€Å"white’, which clearly validate the existence of segregation between Caucasian Americans and individuals of ethnic origins such as blacks and Indians. True to the era during which they were photographed, the environment and people incidentally present in each picture appear in authentic manners of architecture and fashion. II. Racial Segregation in America The issue on race and discrimination in America can be famously traced centuries back, with the history of Africans being brought into the country as slaves. Though this deplorable condition had been corrected by the gains of the Civil War, thus granting freedom to blacks. However, the occurrence of the Great Depression in the 1920s brought back situations identical to those experienced by African-Americans previously, as the country was beset by the chaos produced by the lack of jobs and sources of income. In 1932, most blacks found themselves without work, and there was increasing pressure from whites to have blacks fired from any job that they believed should be assigned to unemployed whites. Numerous forms of racial violence again ensued, particularly in the South, during the 1930s (LOC 2002). The legal foundation of racial segregation was the Jim Crow laws, which were imposed in the 1860s mainly in railroad cars, and continued to be enforced throughout the decades until the 1960s (McElrath 2008). The effects of segregation on typical American life and society were apparently significant enough to create scenes extraordinary enough to tell their own stories through photographs, which were precisely what the Farm Security collection achieved. III. Beyond the Signs: Marking the Lines of Race The objective of the Farm Security photographs had been to depict regular American life, yet it is clear how the typicality of the images at the time does not lend itself in the same nature today. There is a point of discussion in the deliberate move to show not just groups of whites and ethnic people, but the centering on the signs that limit freedom, that erase the function of choice. The study of signs, known as semiotics, provides the connection between the audience, interpreter, and the sign itself (Littlejohn 2008). The photos, with their studied involvement of the actual sign, venue, and individuals, already form the three-part process; the blacks are the audience and the photographer is the interpreter, within the space covered by the sign. This shows how the photographers aimed to convey a reality, a system that used semiotics as a way to impose discrimination. This they had done with not just a bit of participation on their end, quite like the way Coles (1997) appropriated documentary work with the linking of lives with the subject. The same logic is utilized by Gripsrud (in Gillespie and Toynbee 2006), when he classified a photographer’s work as indexical—the identifying of a specific aspect of a subject—and therefore lends to much subjectivity. IV. Showing Signs of Racial Conflict to an Audience While the audience of the signs were the blacks—and whites, depending on the sign and situation—the photos’ audience are people who would benefit from knowledge of a different period, as was the arguable objective of the Farm Security photographers in documenting change and continuity in American life. Mainly, the photos were for research and evaluation, whether or not the audience would find them appalling or give them their approval. It may be possible that some of those who comprise the audience are people who have lived through the same era, making them mere confirmations of what they already know; but the more relevant audience would be the uninformed, who would find new insight into American society and its management of racial issues in the late 1930s and early 40s. V. Appropriation of Technique and Style in Communicating Racism The black-and-white photography is already significant on its own, referring to the subjects as well; seeing words on the signs captured in the photographs deals a double blow—‘black’, or ‘colored’, and ‘white’ signs in black-and-white photos. The photographers simply captured the signs as they were, specially for those in venues without people milling around, but there were also photos that provided degrees of humanity and emotion. One of the most striking is a photo of a bar showing whites having beer, a sign on the wall above them that says â€Å"Positively no beer sold to Indians†. Though Indians are known for their penchant for alcohol, it is disturbing one clear sign can show how this ethnic group is singled out and discriminated against—an error of generalization. The white people in the photo appear serious and quite professional, which indicates how the sign should not be misconstrued as a joke. Other photos in the collection, though showing signs and places rather than people as subjects, reveal the increasing culture of urbanization—shown by the railroads, buses, and stores where the signs are found. Urbanization, being common ground for both blacks and whites, necessitates signs; these indicate white control over society and economy, and the intent to keep ‘colored’ people away from this power. Works Cited Primary Source: Library of Congress. â€Å"Photographs of Signs Enforcing Racial Discrimination: Documentation by Farm Security Administration-Office of War Information Photographers†. Prints Photographs Reading Room. April 30, 2004. http://www. loc. gov/rr/print/list/085_disc. html Secondary Sources: Coles, Robert. â€Å"The Tradition: Fact and Fiction†. Doing Documentary Work. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. Gripsrud, Jostein. â€Å"Semiotics: signs, codes and cultures†. In Gillespie, Marie and Jason Toynbee. Analysing Media Texts. Berkshire: Open University Press, 2006. Library of Congress. â€Å"Great Depression and World War II, 1929-1945: Race Relations in the 1930s and 1940s†. 2002. http://lcweb2. loc. gov/learn/features/timeline/depwwii/race/race. html McElrath, Jessica. â€Å"Creation of Jim Crow South: Segregation in the South†. About. com. 2008. http://afroamhistory. about. com/od/jimcrowlaw1/a/creationjimcrow. htm

The Haitian Revolution Essay -- Toussaint LOuverture

The cause and effects of the Haitian Revolution have played, and continue to play, a major role in the history of the Caribbean. During the time of this rebellion, slavery was a large institution throughout the Caribbean. The success of the sugar and other plantations was based on the large slave labor forces. Without these forces, Saint Domingue, the island with the largest sugar production, and the rest of the Caribbean, would face the threat of losing a profitable industry. The Haitian Revolution did not just start and end in one day. Instead, the entire revolution took place over a very event filled thirteen years. The start of the revolution was influenced by many other incidents. Including slave revolts throughout Saint Domingue beginning in the 1790s, and other world affairs such as the French Revolution in 1789, the passing of United Sates Bill of Rights in 1791, and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man in 1794. Of the three, The Rights of Man probably was probably the one affair that truly angered the people of Saint Domingue the most. In France, this law was supposed to provide people with the rights of liberty, equality, and fraternity. Therefore, the people of Saint Domingue felt that because they were a French colony that they should be entitled to the same rights as the citizens of France. Unfortunately, the French government did not feel the same, and this angered the inhabitants of Saint Domingue. But the slaves of Saint Domingue "did not need to hear the revolutionary slogans of ?liberty, equality, and fraternity? or ?the rights of man ? to plot their freedom. Slave revolts were endemic in every slave society, and the quest for freedom was never far from the minds of many great slaves" (Knight 201). .. ... were other people who were also essential in the successful outcome of this rebellion. This Revolution sparked a new hope in the eyes of slaves across the world. It marked only the beginning of the end to a treacherous institution. For the state newly renamed Haiti, the birth of the first republic in the world led by persons of African descent had emerged. Bibliography Knight, Franklin. The Caribbean: The Genesis of a Fragmented Nationalism. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978. Steward, T.G. The Haitian Revolution 1791 to 1804. New York: Russell & Russell, 1914. Bellegrade-Smith, Patrick. Haiti: The Breached Citadel. San Francisco: Westview Press, 1990 Ott, Thomas. The Haitian Revolution 1789-1804, Tennessee: University of Tennessee Press, 1973. Parkinson, Wenda. ?This Gilded African?: Toussaint L?Ouverture. New York: Quartet Books, 1978.

B2B – Product Marketing Plan.rev1

The vison of the wool manufacturing sector of Australia is to expand its export sales to emerging markets in the ASEAN region. Emerging markets are those of the developing countries with high demand on basic raw materials for clothing manufacturing and other industries related to uses of fiber, plus the corollary products from the same category of industry. Emerging markets maybe from developing countries, rather than highly developed ones. The mission would be to penetrate these emerging markets, create a foothold with the right liaison procedures and obtain long term contracts for wool, wool products and its ancillaries.The main objective is to increase the export revenues of the wool manufacturing sector, thereby contributing to the GNP and GDP of Australia to improve per capita income and to generate more employment. The specific objectives are: a. To find out the trade channels of emerging markets in the ASEAN Region and penetrate these markets. b. To develop the right strategy how to penetrate these emerging markets and establish long-term trading activities with the same. c. To research more uses of the wool fiber as raw material, whether in bulk raw wool or thread wool or fabric wool.d. To involve foreign investors as allies in the development of wool fiber for new uses of wool and its corollary products mentioned herein. e. To secure a captured market in exchange for foreign investments. 1. 1 Sales Objectives The general sales objective is to establish a continuing and growing demand for export sales of wool, wollen products, probably new developed products out of wool, and corollary wool products, e. g. sheep meat or lambchops and sheep leather. The increase in sales may not actually mean increase in profitablity in the short term.It is the long term objective that is the main focus in order for sales projections to be drawn with ease and followed. Long term projections can only be done if investment-marketing contracts can also be drawn with the prob able buyer of the manufactured products. It would be an investment laden project, such that the need for investment can be specifically pinpointed in terms of machinery, labor, working capital and project costs or, in order to find out the specific uses of the capital investment.From there, the Return on Investment (ROI) or the Return to Equity (ROE) can be calculated and deemed to be viable or feasible to Autralian preferences. Thus, the sales objective considers the long term viability of the project and determines what level of equity the Australians should allow any foreign investor to come in and intervene in the wool industry. 1. 2 Product Positioning There is no substitute for a high quality, optimum priced product and consistent supply and these factors must be the position of the products.In order to elaborate further the market position, it is best to enumerate the products that may come from the wool industry, expound the charecteristics of the products and analyze where it uses would be. Thereon, there could be research and development (R&D) to improve the product so that there is value added when it is sold. a. Bulk Raw Wool Fibers Bulk raw wool fibers maybe classified. The usual process starts with sheering, washing, bleaching, drying and bailing. Then there can be classifying, perhaps, into which batch comes from a more mature or younger herd of sheeps or known sheep varieties.Another way, which would need R&D, is to find out how to separate the long fibers from the short fibers. Then the method of classification can be into long and short fibers. Machineries can be designed to seggregate which fibers are long or short. Both kind of fibers can be wooven into fabric with different characterics and long fibers can be an additive in matress production for car seats. In Europe car seats have organic fibers as substitute for foam cushions, and is already a regulation. Foam cushions produce toxic fumes when it burns in case of accidents.b. Wool Thread If and when wool can be seggregated into long and short fibers, there can also be two kinds of threads produced. Short fibers will produce thread with short elasticity because the spinning process produces a more fine textured thread. Long fibers will produce thread that is more elastic, which is wool’s characteristic and has been accepted by users of this thread. Fine thread from wool can become a new product which can be compared to cotton thread. c. Wool Fabric When wooven into cloth, long fibers make the cloth stretchable.The stretchable fabric is usually used for insulation such as sweaters and blankets, the main finished products of wool. Although standard woolen fabric is good insulation, it has a charcteristic very distinct from cotton cloth. The wool fibers are a bit abbrasive and may induce allergy or itchiness to human skin and is generally heavier than cotton fabric. Should there be fine thread from short fibers wooven into wool fabric, then the outcome would be fine and lighter cloth, which can become a versatile material in sewing clothes.Definitely, this range of product development needs R&D. d. Sheep Leather Sheep skin can be processed into leather to manufacture rubber shoes. China and Korea are becoming top producers of rubber shoes. Those countries could be the target market of sheep leather if it were tanned in Autralia. Thus, tanning sheep leather can become a side manufacturing concern of the wool industry. Cow and kangaroo leather from Australia is already known in the world market. It would not hurt if the sheep leather market can be developed.Rather than disposing sheep skin as fertilizer, it may be manufactured into leather. e. Sheep Meat or Lamb Chops It is only logical that there is consistency in the supply of raw materials for wool. Thus, backward integration to produce wool becomes an inevitable factor when there are plans to expand the wool market. Therefore, sheep production, which Australia is also known for, becomes an integrated portion of the wool export industry. Sheep are proliferous and multiply like goats and there will be surplus of sheep in terms of number of heads if the wool industry were to expand.Lamb meat can become one of the ancillary products of the wool industry and capacity of processing plants for fresh or even canned sheep meat must be ready when the market is developed. 1. 3 Product Objectives It is best to enumerate again what are the probable export products derived from the wool industry: short fiber raw wool, long fiber raw wool, fine wool thread, ordinary wool thread, lamb chops/sheepmeat, and sheep leather. The overall product objective is to enhance the development of products manufactured from the wool sector. This sector starts from the livestock production of sheep, an integral part of agriculture.Wool must not be the only product that can derived from this industry. In terms of short and long fibers that need R&D, new machineries may have to be brought in. This c ould be done by asking foreign investors to conduct the research, design and fabricate the machinery themselves. The machines needed would pertain to milling machines, weaving, and knitting machines. If China were the choice of partnership, it has already developed its machineries for weaving and knitting. It may be the milling machine that should be designed in order to segregate the short and long fibers before milling into threads.The threads may be further processed so that the texture could be close to or the same as silk, a well known Chinese fabric. In any case, innovation should come in so that the end products becomes a new one and will probably have its place in the fashion world, which is very big business. Should this happen, there will be curiousity from European buyers, thereby creating a damand, as the capital of fashion is in Paris, France. This would expand the manufacturing sector thereby generating more employment for the locales.In terms of sheep meat, blast free zing and cold storage facilities upgrade may be needed for the expansion of the industry. Foreign investors may also be invited. The same protocol may be applied to sheep leather manufacturing. The machineries acquisition can be negotiated such that it may come in the form of a loan, whereby, part of the payments would be in the form of manufactured products the machineries would churn out. In general, the direction of this concern is towards expanding the manufacturing sector in processing, increase employment, generate export revenues and foreign investments.1. 4 Pricing Objectives General market re-entry, just like pricing, is an art. The general pricing objective is to retain optimum profits that would benefit the industry in the long term. The volume of business may compensate the optimum profit margins when the demand for the manufactured products increase. The pricing should be generally lower than competition. This would attract foreign manufacturers to buy the wool and wool en products. When it comes to leather, the pricing should be comparable to hog leather (e.. g. Hush Puppies use hog leather).Only when if it becomes a fad and is highly sought for, should sheep leather prices be increased to a maximum level. Shoes are a basic necessity too. Leather bags and luggage may not be a necessity and fashion trends may dictate the demand for these leather products. When it comes to sheep meat, prices should go lower than that of pork or chicken prices as cheap food is a sign of progress. Generally, product innovation should be one of the largest factors in product objectives. It is a fact that wool has been a fabric since the medieval ages and is outdated.Sheep meat has been a staple food to some countries but has not been promoted as a low cholesterol meat. Sheep skin could have been used only as insulation or rough clothing during the medieval ages also, and not as leather for shoes and bags. Innovation is altering the product so that when it is used or co nsumed, it is new and attractive. Thereon, consistency in supply and quality again should be sustained. Lastly, when innovation is implemeted, the product or products has to pass the taste and preferences of the target market. Test marketing can be done through the trade envoys in the various embassies.That wold be part of promotion and advertising already. 1. 5 Retail Objectives As previously mentioned, one of the objectives is to sell the products to wholesalers and not go into direct retailing. The fibers of bulk wool, and wool thread may be sold to textile mills suppliers. The woven fabric may be sold to textile wholesalers whose down the line customers are tailors, haberdashers and manufacturers of apparel. The leather can be sold to large leather wholesalers. Lastly, the meat can be sold to a main office of a chain of grocery stores. 2. 0 SWOT Analysis of the Products a.Short and Long Wool Fibers in Bulk, Fine and Ordinary Wool Thread, and Fine and Ordinary Wool Textile Wool f ibers and products are unique in a sense that it provides better protection against cold weather. It is organic in nature and does not come from synthetic resins. It has been known to be the source of textile since production in Europe started. Clothing sewn from wool generally cater to residents of temperate and artic countries. Australia, because of its vast grazing lands can produce sheep in voluminous quantities assuring the consistency of supply. These are the strengths of these products.The weaknesses of wool products is that Australia’s geographic position is far from temperate and artic zones that are most populated, no market. On the side of the globe where Australia is located, the most developed market is Japan. Europian markets are not that accessible due to the distance which would increase freight costs. Another weakness is the acceptability of wool sewn clothing. Though fabric from wool make good blankets, its acceptability seem to be outdated because of the em ergence of felt and other cotton like materials that are also thick and provides good insulation from the cold.Blankets and sweaters are the most sewn apparel from wool, with the introduction of thicker textile substitutes, the demand for wool decreased. Another weakness is in terms of the acceptability of the fabric when in contact with human skin which may induce allergies. Lastly, the fabric produced is heavier in terms of weight, than other fabrics. Opportunities lie in the current and biggest emerging market, China. China is about 2 billion in population. China is an aggressive market because it has positioned itself in the ASEAN Region with trading agents and its strategy has become an open trade policy if proper liaison can be done.With very cheap machineries fabricated from the mainland, it may be possible to negotiate the R&D portion for the bulk wool fiber. The biggest threat comes from its largest competitor, cotton. Cotton is light and is very variable in terms of sewing clothing. Countries producing cotton are located near the tropical zone and are positioned nearer the emerging markets than Australia, meaning the freight costs are cheaper. b. Sheep Leather The strength of this product also lie in Australia’s capacity to produce it in bulk and it may come out cheaper than cow leather.The opportunity lie in the huge market in China and Korea for leather and it may mean the introduction of the product at the right quality, quantity and price to garner this market. As earlier mentioned, China and Korea have been manufacturing rubber shoes. The threat is again is in its competitor, cow leather, and Australia’s own leather production may be the same culprit. Balancing the export of the leather products, whether it comes from cow, kangaroos or sheep might be hard to implement if there is over production. c. Sheep Meat/Lambchops The strength of this product lie in the consistency of production.With the vast grazing lands in Australia and it s agriculture technology, sheep production has become comparable with cow production. Australia has gone into export of lamb meat during the mid 90’s, but has not fully developed the market potential. Australia is also known for its beef supply, though sheep meat has already been marketed (e. g. Philippines), the market forces somewhat gave the impression that supply is inconsistent. The weakness of this product is its acceptability because of its semi-pungent odor and knowledge has to be transferred to those who would cook it.Sheep meat, the same with goat meet, has to be processed or seared with heat first before it is cooked and the process is just simple frying of the exposed surfaces. There is a very large market opportunity for this due to two (2) given and existing circumstances: (1) there is growing consciousness about the carrying capacity of bad cholesterol of pork, chicken and beef, and (2) Muslims do not eat beef and they tend to shy away from pork as customary pr actice, instead, goat’s or sheep’s meat is preferred. The Muslim people and Chinese (because of the large population) in the ASEAN would also be in need of food.The opportunity to develop the demand for lambchops or sheep meat exists. This is a very large opportunity because there are large Muslim populations also in the same region. Mindanao in the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore have a significant number of Muslims in their populace. Sheep meat has threats from cheap pork and chicken meat (beef prices are very high). Producers of pork and chicken in the ASEAN have been in the doldrums too because of the high cost of feed ingredients but once in a while there is glut in these particular markets when the U. S. and Canada dumps its excess production into the ASEAN region.The nations where excess are dumped generally protect their producers by imposing high tariffs for these products and this may also pose a threat if sheep meat becomes a lot cheaper than prices of pork or chicken. 3. 0 Strategies The brand positioning of wool, woolen products, sheep meat and leather may take the low key, low profile stance at first. Raw material from Australia, final product made in China or Korea. Australians may, might as well take advantage of the cheap labor from these manufacturing countries, and should allow the same to manufacture the end or final products such as shoes and apparel.When it comes to sheep meat, it could carry an Australian brand since there is no other large sheep production in the region. The market entry or re-entry strategy can be to invite Chinese investors to conduct the R&D portion for the short and long fiber segregation. Let them develop and fabricate the machinery then buy the machinery from them with the intent to supply the manufactured fibers to them also. With fiber segregation, comes thread production, then textile milling or fabric production. The Chinese have already machinery for these and it could be included in the package.It may revolutionize Australia’s textile industry. The practice of machinery acquisition in exchange of manufactured end product or raw materials have already been done by the Chinese in Thailand and the Philippines. To exemplify, vapor heat treatment plants for mangoes were put up in Thailand in corroboration with a private company and the Thailand government, provided the Chinese will buy the entire mango produced. In the Philippines, decorticating machines for coconut fibers were loaned to a government agency in charge of the coconut industry, provided all the fibers (whether short or long fibers) were bought back.Thus market entry or re-entry is possible with the Chinese, to supply the R&D, needed machinery, and provided all the produce would be bought back. The general strategy for market expansion is to let foreign investors come in and put up their own plants to manufacture the mentioned products herein, provided they market the products themselves. Sal es strategy advertising is easy with the global upgrade in information technology. But, for the general public to be aware of emerging new policies of trading in Australia could require direct advertising in television and newspapers.This could be done through the trade consuls of the embassies of Australia in the countries within the ASEAN Region. The strategy for product positioning can be generalized to be generic sold products at first, and then acquire a brand name later on. This could probably mean that the goods are traded are in bulk status. 3. 1 Sales Strategies For market segmentation, the particulars could be Japan, China, and Muslims from the ASEAN Region. It would be better to cut off the supply with Japan first, let China enter.Market forces should be monitored for control and market research. China has several retail outlets in key cities in Japan (Tokyo, Kyoto, Nagasaki, etc.. ). For Muslims, which would pertain to sheep meat marketing, trade consuls can offer counte r trade measures to promote the product. Counter trade means there is no change hands of currency but plain barter. This is usually done on a government to government (G-to-G) basis. Stratety in distribution would be in terms of volume. The best would be to allow China to buy all, as this has been their practice with other countries.Slowly remove the Japanese market and let the Chinese do the trading and networking, make the Chinese Australia’s allies in trading. Definitely there will be some unpleasant reactions with the U. S. and the U. K. with these move, thus the Australian government should be ready for this. 3. 2 Product Strategies The product strategies can come in terms of service and support. When the Chinese have decided to enter into Australian territories, they might as well have some incentives like free trade zones, less tariffs for machineries, dedicated warehouses and maritime discounts in berthing their ships.This can justify adjusted lower FOB pricing rates and the high costs of freight.. 3. 3 Pricing Strategies Now that the general strategy is to tap China as an emerging market, at first FOB prices of the manufactured goods must be 5 to 10 per cent lower compared to its competitors. This should be done provided a yearly marketing contract can be inked with the Chinese. Chinese traders practice forard buying; which means that they might opt to buy the whole production for one year of a manufacturing plant, securing a low price and selling the manufactured goods when prices of the goods go up.This semi-monopolistic in nature but works very well if a company is into trading and has very huge capital base. Forward buying is very capital intensive. 3. 4 Retail Strategies The trends for market position of wool and its corollary products should start from the very basic step of the product chain that it can access abroad, the wholesalers. China is a wholesaler and bulk trader. The manufacturing sector of wool and other products must at first , take a stand that their final export product must give a privilege for better profit for the wholesalers as their allies.In the short run, this may mean that in order for the products to penetrate the retail market, other people outside the wholesalers network must be deplored and employed by the wholesalers themselves. It also may mean that the wholesalers that are buying the final export products could independently establish their own retail chains. Thus, the first position of the wool and other corollary wool products should be that of the wholesalers dominion. The next, and without violation of the terms and conditions with the current wholesalers, would be the retailing sector. 5.0 Budget The product marketing plan must come in phases; therefore, it would be hard to arrive at a fix budget for the total project cost of implementing the plan. Only in the first phase can a budget be appropriated for approval. The first phase would be to approve the concept and policies in the m agistrates of the Australian government and conduct advertising and marketing campaigns for the re-aligned trade and marketing policies through the embassies. TV and newspaper promotions would be the bulk of the cost of the campaign. Let us estimate the allocation at A$ 200,000.00 per country, targeting seven (7) countries; total estimated budget is A$ 1. 4MM. This can suffice buying airtime and newspaper publishing for one year. Additional single-liaison staff maybe hired in the embassies but the representation allowance should be flexible, as Chinese representatives are hungry for wine and dine related negotiations. 5. 0 Future Trends and Issues of Marketing Concern The future trends in the global market: more use of organic fibers and leather rather than synthetic substitutes because of the characteristic that synthetics churn toxic fumes when it burns.In the last few decades when there was little awareness on accidents concerning toxic fumes, the trend was to use non-organic fib ers. But when research resulted to synthetic fibers as the source of toxicity, the manufacturing sector using synthetics has slowly reverted to organic sources. This is the same trend with foods and sheep meat as health food will become a fad. The future issues that may arise are that of capital flight to Australia from China, exchange rate fluctuations, currency retention in the partner countries. This can be addressed by lowering or totally eliminating the trade deficits between partner countries.Whereas, Australia may buy Chinese machinery and equipment in return for a captured export market, at both profitable levels of operation, ROI’s and ROE’s can be internally kept a secret within and between both trading partners. 6. 0 Conclusion The product marketing plan designed herein to increase the export revenues of the wool manufacturing sector in Australia is to garner a corresponding increase in the gross trade revenues of the country as a whole. It must consider the balance of trade with the ally it will do the trading with.In terms of foreign investments, the trading partner, in this particular case it is China, Australia must be very cautious in the pricing of the machineries and the technology that China will bring in. Machineries and technology prices are hard to determine especially if the entity who would buy such were not involved in the actual design of the latter. Australia could only specify the technical data and the percieved or target outputs of the machineries. At any rate, technology is a fast maturing factor. New technologies emerge as the old ones are still being used.It may be that the cost at the start would be very high, but as the machineries depreciate, the technology depreciates and so with the cost. Further, the after sales service agreement with the Chinese for the machineries could be designed in a such a way that the acquisition of spare parts and other necessary materials to run the machineries can be less costly. T hese would all depend on the transparency of the trading partner. The logic behind it is that both partners should make enough profits from a sustainable industry and the profits should be declared as transparent as possible.This is the very reason why the long-term goals are the focus of the product marketing plan. The rest of the strategies can be adjusted along the way if the plan implementation should follow another path and not as intended. The planners can think of 1,001 strategies and can implement some of them after the planning stage. When implementation diverts from what has been as planned, alternative strategies could be applied. The best thing that could happen is to be right the first time, during implementation. References: Agdayemawer, M. L. (1992). International marketing strategy.Jaipur, India: Printwell. Alexander, P. , Earland, C. , & Hudson, R. F. Wool : its chemistry and physics. Argy, F. , & Committee for Economic Development of Australia. (1992). A long term economic strategy for Australia : key policy themes : an Australia that works, a vision for the future. Melbourne, Vic. : Committee for Economic Development of Australia. Argy, F. , & Committee for Economic Development of Australia. (1993). A long term economic strategy for Australia a discussion paper. Canberra: CEDA. Australia. Bureau of Agricultural Economics. Wool. Situation and outlook. Canberra: A.G. P. S. Australia. Wool Textile Industry Study Group. , & Australia. Dept. of Industry and Commerce. (1980). The Australian wool textile industry : a report. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Wool, Australia. Canberra: ABS. Australian Wool Corporation. , & Running Stitch (Textile group). (1985). Wool quilts old and new : catalogue to an exhibition June 16th to 30th 1985, Wool House. Parkville, Vic: Australian Wool Corporation. Baker, M. J. (2000). Marketing strategy and management (3rd ed. ). Basingstoke: Macmillan. Bell, M. L., & V incze, J. W. (1988). Managerial marketing : strategy and cases. New York: Elsevier. Bosanquet, N. (1977). Economic strategy : a new social contract. London: Fabian Society. English, W. The textile industry: an account of the early inventions of spinning, weaving, and knitting machines. Findlay, C. C. , Itao, M. , & Australia-Japan Research Centre. (1994). Wool in Japan : structural change in the textile and clothing market. Pymble, N. S. W. : Harper Educational Publishers in association with Australia-Japan Research Centre Australian National University. Harvard business review.Marketing strategy series, pts. Hughes, J. (1967). An economic strategy for Labour. London: Fabian Society. Indian Statistical Institute. Economic strategy and the Third Plan. International Wool Secretariat. Interior Textiles Group. (1986). Wool upholstery handbook. Ilkley: Development Centre International Wool Secretariat. Jenkins, J. G. The wool textile industry in Great Britain. LEADACHINA INTERNATIONAL IN VESTMENTS PTE LTD. (2006). Investments & Trade. 2006, from http://leadachina. en. ec21. com/company_info. jsp LeCouteur, G. S. Wool! Modern myths, new horizons, with an introd.Longworth, J. W. , & Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. (1990). The Wool industry in China : some Chinese perspectives. Mount Waverley, Vic. : Inkata Press in association with the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. Maclaren, J. A. (1981). Wool science : the chemical reactivity of the wool fibre. Sydney: Science Press. Munro, J. H. A. Wool, cloth, and gold : the struggle for bullion in Anglo-Burgundian trade, 1340-1478. Neal, C. M. , Quester, P. G. , & Hawkins, D. I. (2004). Consumer behaviour : implications for marketing strategy (4th ed.). Boston, Mass. ; North Ryde, N. S. W. : McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Onions, W. J. (1962). Wool : an introduction to its properties, varieties, uses and production. London: E. Benn. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (1981). Emission control costs in the textile industry. Paris: Oecd. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Group of Experts on the Social Aspects of New Technologies. (1988). New technologies in the 1990s : a socio-economic strategy. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Ponting, K. G. (1961).The wool trade : past and present. Manchester: Columbine Press. Ronald, H. B. (1987). Wool before the wind : a history of the Ronald family and the Australian Mercantile Land and Finance Company. South Yarra, Vic: Landvale Enterprises. Ryder, M. L. , & Stephenson, S. K. (1968). Wool growth. London: Academic Press. Stifel, L. D. The textile industry – a case study of industrial development in the Philippines. Textile Council Of Australia. Statistical handbook of the textile industry in Australia. Toyne, B. (1984). The Global textile industry. London ; Boston: Allen & Unwin.United Nations Industrial Development Organization. The Textile industry : perspectives for industrial development in the second United Nations development decade. New York: United Nations. University of New England. Dept. of Adult Education. Wool and wool marketing. White, L. (1981). Wool in wartime : a study in colonialism. Sydney: Alternative Publishing Co-operative. Winyard, S. (1980). Trouble looming : low pay in the wool textile industry. London: Low Pay Unit. Woldendorp, R. , McDonald, R. , & Burdon, A. (2003). Wool : the Australian story. Fremantle, W. A.: Fremantle Arts Centre Press in association with Richard Woldendorp. Wool Research and Development Fund (Australia), Australian Wool Board. Wool Production Resarch Division. , Australian Wool Corporation. Production Research Dept. , Wool Research Trust Fund (Australia), Australian Wool Corporation. Research and Development Dept. , & Australian Wool Corporation. Research projects (Wool Research and Development Fund (Australia)). Sydney: Australian Wool Corporation Research and Development Dept. W ool, R. P. (1994). Polymer interfaces : structure and strength. Munich: Hanser Publishers.

Mktg 2101 Red Bull Case Study

MKTG 2101 Consumer Behaviour Case Study -Red Bull: Rampaging through Global Markets 1. What segmentation base has Red Bull adopted to target customers? How should Red Bull further segment the market in the future? Red Bull have adopted a segmentation base strategy relating to market demographics. In particular the company has targeted young active people aged 16 – 29 years. Red Bull also use geography, identifying mainly university students and urban professionals who needed an ‘energy boost’ throughout their busy schedules and activities.Mateschitz’ strategy aimed to target opinion leaders, believing that â€Å"the authority of one alpha bee can influence the buying habits of hundreds†. The Red Bull segmentation strategy also has an important psychographic component, particularly focussing on young people with attitudes, perceptions and lifestyles that are consistent with risk taking, fast paced and energetic behaviours; highlighted with the company motto â€Å"No Red Bull, No Wings†. In order to continue to succeed, I believe that Red Bull must optimise opportunities in the growing economies of India and China.With greater economic freedoms and increased population growth in the middle class there are millions of young people falling into an attractive demographic for the Red Bull product. These young people will be the opinion leaders of the future in their countries, therefore holding the key for a success. Ways in which the company can expand its current activities to begin the process will lie in the correct marketing strategies; in particular I believe that the continued sponsorship of extreme events in these regions will be the perfect way to introduce young people to the product in an exciting new way. . How does Red Bull arouse the motivations of customers to purchase its energy drinks? Red Bull and Mateschitz explain â€Å"we are always looking for a more creative, different point of view† (Dolan 2005) to promote and present the product to the customer. This attitude is consistent with the brand personality and the image of its customers. It is for this reason that the company aligns itself with the young male – fast paced and energetic, interested in extreme sports, risky behaviour and never satisfied with the last thrill.The company too, is never satisfied, continuing sponsorship of extreme sports, owning Formula 1 racing teams and even developing its own sports such as BMX bike riding, Kite Boarding, Freeskiing, paragliding and more! The company is able to continually satisfy the needs of the market, arousing the customer with exciting new promotions and events which challenge the limits of human belief. For example, the Red Bull sponsored BMX events where the riders are attempting and completing unseen tricks and ‘death defying’ acts on a weekly basis.The company has also attempted a viral marketing strategy, in order to get the product to the consumer in a cheap and effective way. However, these efforts are also well calculated, for example, the drivers of the Red Bull VW Beetle are generally extremely good looking females aged 19 – 28 years, attractive and corresponding for the targeted young male. 3. Describe the brand personality of Red Bull. Why do you think the concept of brand personality is so important to Red Bull?Brand personality allows the consumer to develop a meaningful attachment to the product. People do not develop meaningful, long lasting relationships with the thing itself, it is when the consumer is able see the product with a certain persona, with feeling and meaning; it is then that the relationship develops and potentially blossoms. Red Bull and Mateschitz understand this and have created a brand personality that embodies excitement, energy and exhilaration, â€Å"Red Bull isn’t a drink, it’s a way of life†.People are overwhelmed with the image, the amazing aura around the events and the excitement created by the athletes. Young people feel the product, the brand and the colours when they see these competitors doing the amazing things that they aspire to, enshrouded with the simple colours of silver and blue. A clean, refined image burned into their brain, connected to the memories of thrilling moments when their heart was pumping, hands were sweating and adrenalin was frantically pulsating through their bodies.By creating these experiences for their consumer Red Bull are facilitating the development of important relationships with their product. In my opinion, maintaining brand personality and relationships is imperative for Red Bull. Mateschitz himself states, â€Å"We don’t bring the product to the people. We make it available and those who love our style come to us† highlighting his acknowledgement of the importance of people aligning themselves with the brand personality and developing a meaningful and long lasting relationship with the Red Bu ll productReferences * Dolan, K. (2005). The Soda With Buzz. Forbes. com http://www. forbes. com/global/2005/0328/028 print. html * Sciffman, L. , O’Cass, A. , Paladino, A. , D’Alessandro, S. and Bednall, D. 2011. Consumer Behaviour, 5th Edition. Pearson Prentice Hall: Australia * Gschwandtner, G. (2004). The Powerful Sales Strategy Behind Red Bull. Selling Power. September. http://www. sellinpower. com Mktg 2101 Red Bull Case Study MKTG 2101 Consumer Behaviour Case Study -Red Bull: Rampaging through Global Markets 1. What segmentation base has Red Bull adopted to target customers? How should Red Bull further segment the market in the future? Red Bull have adopted a segmentation base strategy relating to market demographics. In particular the company has targeted young active people aged 16 – 29 years. Red Bull also use geography, identifying mainly university students and urban professionals who needed an ‘energy boost’ throughout their busy schedules and activities.Mateschitz’ strategy aimed to target opinion leaders, believing that â€Å"the authority of one alpha bee can influence the buying habits of hundreds†. The Red Bull segmentation strategy also has an important psychographic component, particularly focussing on young people with attitudes, perceptions and lifestyles that are consistent with risk taking, fast paced and energetic behaviours; highlighted with the company motto â€Å"No Red Bull, No Wings†. In order to continue to succeed, I believe that Red Bull must optimise opportunities in the growing economies of India and China.With greater economic freedoms and increased population growth in the middle class there are millions of young people falling into an attractive demographic for the Red Bull product. These young people will be the opinion leaders of the future in their countries, therefore holding the key for a success. Ways in which the company can expand its current activities to begin the process will lie in the correct marketing strategies; in particular I believe that the continued sponsorship of extreme events in these regions will be the perfect way to introduce young people to the product in an exciting new way. . How does Red Bull arouse the motivations of customers to purchase its energy drinks? Red Bull and Mateschitz explain â€Å"we are always looking for a more creative, different point of view† (Dolan 2005) to promote and present the product to the customer. This attitude is consistent with the brand personality and the image of its customers. It is for this reason that the company aligns itself with the young male – fast paced and energetic, interested in extreme sports, risky behaviour and never satisfied with the last thrill.The company too, is never satisfied, continuing sponsorship of extreme sports, owning Formula 1 racing teams and even developing its own sports such as BMX bike riding, Kite Boarding, Freeskiing, paragliding and more! The company is able to continually satisfy the needs of the market, arousing the customer with exciting new promotions and events which challenge the limits of human belief. For example, the Red Bull sponsored BMX events where the riders are attempting and completing unseen tricks and ‘death defying’ acts on a weekly basis.The company has also attempted a viral marketing strategy, in order to get the product to the consumer in a cheap and effective way. However, these efforts are also well calculated, for example, the drivers of the Red Bull VW Beetle are generally extremely good looking females aged 19 – 28 years, attractive and corresponding for the targeted young male. 3. Describe the brand personality of Red Bull. Why do you think the concept of brand personality is so important to Red Bull?Brand personality allows the consumer to develop a meaningful attachment to the product. People do not develop meaningful, long lasting relationships with the thing itself, it is when the consumer is able see the product with a certain persona, with feeling and meaning; it is then that the relationship develops and potentially blossoms. Red Bull and Mateschitz understand this and have created a brand personality that embodies excitement, energy and exhilaration, â€Å"Red Bull isn’t a drink, it’s a way of life†.People are overwhelmed with the image, the amazing aura around the events and the excitement created by the athletes. Young people feel the product, the brand and the colours when they see these competitors doing the amazing things that they aspire to, enshrouded with the simple colours of silver and blue. A clean, refined image burned into their brain, connected to the memories of thrilling moments when their heart was pumping, hands were sweating and adrenalin was frantically pulsating through their bodies.By creating these experiences for their consumer Red Bull are facilitating the development of important relationships with their product. In my opinion, maintaining brand personality and relationships is imperative for Red Bull. Mateschitz himself states, â€Å"We don’t bring the product to the people. We make it available and those who love our style come to us† highlighting his acknowledgement of the importance of people aligning themselves with the brand personality and developing a meaningful and long lasting relationship with the Red Bu ll productReferences * Dolan, K. (2005). The Soda With Buzz. Forbes. com http://www. forbes. com/global/2005/0328/028 print. html * Sciffman, L. , O’Cass, A. , Paladino, A. , D’Alessandro, S. and Bednall, D. 2011. Consumer Behaviour, 5th Edition. Pearson Prentice Hall: Australia * Gschwandtner, G. (2004). The Powerful Sales Strategy Behind Red Bull. Selling Power. September. http://www. sellinpower. com

PSAT Score Needed for National Merit Scholarship

PSAT Score Needed for National Merit Scholarship SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Each year more than1.5 million juniors take the PSATin the hopes of qualifyingfor the National Merit Scholarship Program. But what score do they need to earnSemifinalist distinction? In this guide,we'll let you know whatPSAT score you need to qualify for Semifinalist status in your state and potentially move on to win a National Merit scholarship. What's a Good Score for National Merit Scholarship? The exact PSAT score for National Merit consideration varies from year to year and by state, but it's alwaysthe top 1% of students (about 16,000 juniors) who qualify as Semifinalists.About 15,000 students in this group then move on to become National Merit Finalists and win scholarship money. To be named a Semifinalist, youneed to score in the top 1% of yourstate - not the whole country. What scores do you need to qualify?To answer this question, you must first understand how the PSAT is scored. The PSAT is scoredfrom 320 to 1520.In addition to thatcompositescore, your score report will tell you yourtest scores forMath, Reading, and Writing and Language. These scores fall between 8 and 38. For National Merit eligibility, these are the most important score types. NMSC adds each section test scoretogether and then multiplies the sum by 2 to create a National Merit Selection Index Score. The resulting Selection Indexscore determines your National Merit eligibility. For example, let's sayyou got a 31 on Math, a 32 on Reading, and a 30 on Writing and Language. The sum of these subscores comes out to 93. You would then multiply this by 2toget your Selection Index Score: 186. In equation form, it looks like this: (31 + 32 + 30) * 2 = 186. Unfortunately, a Selection Index of 186 doesn'tqualify for National Merit Semifinalist status. What score do you need, then, to achieve this recognition? Read on for the full list of National Merit cutoffs in each state. Want to improve your PSAT score by 150 points? We have the industry's leading PSAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so that you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today: Qualifying Score for National Merit Semifinalistby State We've compiled a list of the qualifying scores for National Merit Semifinalist by state. These cutoffs applied tostudents who took the redesigned PSAT in the fall of 2017. State Selection Index Alabama 216 Alaska 215 Arizona 220 Arkansas 214 California 223 Colorado 221 Connecticut 222 Delaware 222 DC 223 Florida 219 Georgia 220 Hawaii 220 Idaho 214 Illinois 221 Indiana 219 Iowa 216 Kansas 218 Kentucky 218 Louisiana 217 Maine 217 Maryland 223 Massachusetts 223 Michigan 219 Minnesota 220 Mississippi 215 Missouri 217 Montana 214 Nebraska 216 Nevada 218 New Hampshire 219 New Jersey 223 New Mexico 215 New York 221 North Carolina 220 North Dakota 212 Ohio 219 Oklahoma 215 Oregon 221 Pennsylvania 220 Rhode Island 220 South Carolina 216 South Dakota 215 Tennessee 219 Texas 221 Utah 215 Vermont 216 Virginia 222 Washington 222 West Virginia 212 Wisconsin 216 Wyoming 212 Average Score 218 As you can see, scores vary depending on where you take the test. National Merit Index Selection Cutoffsregularly vary a few points between years, so aim to achieve a score at least 2-5 points higher than the predicted cutoff for your state! What Does This Mean for You? What Should Your Target PSAT Score Be? If you haven't taken the PSAT yet, then you can use the above chart to set target PSAT scores. Let's say you live in Nebraska. To be named a Semifinalist, you'll need a Selection Index score of 216. What scores do you need on each section of the PSAT to achieve this score? As you read above, your Selection Index equals the sum of your section scores (between 8 and 38) multiplied by 2. To figure out what PSAT scores you need based on your state's cutoff,simply work backward. As a Nebraska resident, your first step will be todivide Nebraska's cutoff score by 2: 216 / 2 = 108 Now, split 108 into three: 108 / 3 = 36 To get a Selection Index of 216, you'd need a 36 on each of the three sections (Math, Reading, and Writing and Language). Of course, youdon't have to set your target scores equally among the three sections. If you're especially strong at verbal skills, for example, you could instead aim for 38s on both Reading and Writing and a 32 in Math. Once you have a sense of what scores you'll need to meet your state's cutoff score, distribute them however you like based on your own academic strengths and weaknesses.Again, you can set target PSAT scores by dividing your state's cutoff in half and then splitting that quotient into three scores, each on a scale of 8-38. As mentioned above, the state cutoffs vary slightly from year to year depending on how students do on the PSAT. If you're really serious about getting named National Merit Semifinalist, then you should aim to score a little higher than this year's cutoff. By setting a goal for each section and devoting some time each week to prepping for the PSAT, you can achieve your goals and put yourself in the best position to earn a National Merit distinction. What’s Next? Are you taking the PSAT this year or next? Learn all about the newly redesigned test. Hoping to get the National Merit Scholarship?Get expert tips onhow to become a Semifinalist and how to win the scholarship. Are you interested in applying to othercollege scholarships? Read abouthow to get merit scholarships at state schools, how to win a Walmart Scholarship, and how to win these unusual scholarships. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: