Consumers Motivation and Satisfaction of 5

Presentation over the span of the most recent few decades, rising degrees of shoppers in China have gotten exhausted of going to chain inns known for pleasing an enormous number of clients (Erkutlu Chafra 2006).Advertising We will compose a custom proposition test on Consumers’ Motivation and Satisfaction of 5-Star Hotel in China explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More 5-star lodgings are the predominant lavish inns that acknowledge personal and high expectations for worldwide visitor administrations and concentrated visitor care (Gunasekaran Anandkumar 2012; Jang Wu 2006). They incorporate the parts of close arrangement, individual or select setting, and quality administrations (Van Hartesvelt 2006). Most of shoppers have begun slanting to 5-star inns. From around 1980s, there has been escalated advancement of 5-star inns in China to offer an increasingly private encounter (Jiang, Gretzel Law 2014). This investigation will be completed to examine the inspiratio n and fulfillment of 5-star inn buyers in China. The investigation of consumers’ driving force and fulfillment to remain in the 5-star lodgings will give specialists in the accommodation division thoughts for the arranging of administrations and items, notwithstanding powerful client correspondence. Issue Statement There are restricted examinations on 5-star lodgings. The appreciation of the inspiration and fulfillment of purchasers is a crucial worry in the friendliness part. 5-star lodgings in China have significantly outperformed other lavish inns in each angle. Neighborliness experts have discovered that purchasers are as yet spurred to provide food for 5-star inns paying little heed to the troublesome budgetary occasions. The inability to fathom the inspiration and fulfillment that drive buyers to 5-star inns could cause the neighborliness experts to misjudge the prerequisites of shoppers and neglect to plan the administrations and items for the 5-star inns effectively, which could diminish the inspiration and fulfillment of purchasers along these lines prompting the breakdown of the 5-star hotels.Advertising Looking for proposition on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example, 5-star inns could neglect to expand on the prerequisites of the shoppers and plan the promoting and commercial arrangements as per the inspiration and fulfillment of the customers. Reason for the Study The justification behind this examination will be the investigation of the parts of purchaser inspiration and fulfillment of 5-star inns in China. In such manner, the examination will introduce crucial and practical guides for upgraded heartfelt gathering. Inferable from the inadequacy of studies in regards to buyer inspiration in 5-star inns in China, this investigation can be esteemed huge in expanding on research in this field. Goals To investigate the inspiration of purchasers in 5-st ar lodgings in China To break down the fulfillment of buyers in 5-star inns in China To build up the draw and push inspiration parts of buyers in 5-star inns in China Research Question What impacts the inspiration and fulfillment of buyers in 5-star inns in China? Writing Review Motivation indicates a circumstance that pushes an individual toward an achievements that bring about fulfillment (Hsu 2014). Inspiration and fulfillment have been significantly utilized in the investigations of purchaser drive to 5-star lodgings and numerous examinations have talked about the push-pull hypothesis in the clarification of inspiration of customers (Law, Wu Liu 2014). Push angles signify the drive for individuals to partake in touristic activities or the internal igniters that induce the purchasers to lean toward a given 5-star inn (Johanson 2008). Pull viewpoints indicate the powers that attract visitors to choose a specific help or item in the travel industry (Prayag Ryan 2011). Numerous scie ntists have portrayed 5-star lodgings through the recognizable proof of their interesting perspectives, for example, private belonging, little size, plan arranged to interrelate with visitors separately, and nonexistence of replication, with the greater part of them concentrating on various subjects or mood (Yang, Wong Wang 2012). Through featuring of expressive uniqueness, high qualities, and individual dealings with buyers, 5-star lodgings have decided an elite character in the inn part (Pereira-Moliner et al. 2012). The centrality and improvement of 5-star inns in China have been dynamic from the 1990s (Gross Huang 2011).Advertising We will compose a custom proposition test on Consumers’ Motivation and Satisfaction of 5-Star Hotel in China explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The accommodation area in China has experienced noteworthy progression from 1978, when financial change was actuated (Mandabach et al. 2014). The headway of the 5-star inns has encap sulated the quick budgetary move of the country everywhere (Xie Heung 2012). As per the subtleties from the China National Tourism Administration, there are in excess of 15,500 star 1 to 5 inns in China, and they continue expanding bit by bit (Zhou et al. 2014). The contemporary lodging industry has been progressing for more than 3 decades (Qi, Law Buhalis 2013). At around 1980, worldwide lodging groupings wandered the Chinese market accordingly making administration bargains, notwithstanding joint endeavors (Zeng Ryan 2012). Throughout the most recent decade, 5-star inns have been soaked in the significant city across China, for example, Beijing, Guangzhou, and Shanghai; in this manner, more noteworthy endeavors are being embraced to begin 5-star inns in little metropolitans, for example, Xiamen. Solid rivalry in the lodging business in China has made the 5-star inns partake in separation and point specialty advertise segments (Zhang, Guillet Gao 2012). This has brought about the m aking of themed, boutique, and occasion resorts, notwithstanding extraordinary different sorts of settlement to fulfill new buyer needs. Gu, Ryan, and Yu (2012) surveyed the headway of the 5-star lodgings in China from 1980 in the significant city and credited the advancement to buyer inspiration and fulfillment. All things considered, Gu, Ryan, and Yu (2012) certify the insufficiency of examination focused on the accommodation area in similarly little city in China that especially thinks about 5-star hotels.Advertising Searching for proposition on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More As per Guillet, Zhang and Gao (2011), 5-star lodgings in China have three crucial perspectives that envelop style, difference, generosity, and closeness. The subsequent viewpoint is uncommon and custom-made help that relates the shoppers and inn faculty while the third is the focusing of purchasers that are in their mid 20s to around 50s, with medium to high wages. Technique The point of this investigation will be the examination of the fulfillment and push and pull inspiration parts of purchasers in 5-star inns in China. The examination will utilize the essential methods for information gathering and subjective procedure of investigating the information. Information Collection The information for this examination will be gathered from two 5-star inns in China, Shangri-La Hotel, Fuzhou, and Golden Flower Hotel, Xian. The administration of every lodging will be mentioned to send electronic mail solicitations to 200 individual, Chinese customers more than 18 years old and that remained in the inn for at least one night over the span of the most recent one year. The greeting will clarify the point of the examination, and an update will be sent following fourteen days. Following one month following the greeting, the clients that will have affirmed investment will be treated as the example for the examination. Following the recognizable proof of the example for the examination, open-finished inquiries will be set up as they look for reactions that the questioner may not envision and are typically longer concerning the experience of the members. The open-finished inquiries will offer an opportunity for the members to response the request in a paper position thus creating numerous subtleties without confinement. The importance of the study technique will lie in its clearly drawing out the parts of inspiration and fulfillment of purchasers in the two inns. Before doing the meeting, the members will be given a defense on the explanations for the meeting, the use of the survey, the severe classification with which the mutual reactions will be dealt with, and the decision of interest. Preceding getting down to react to the inquiries, the members will be approached to ask where they may require further insights about the investigation. The term for responding to the inquiries will be about 60 minutes. The members will be educated regarding the use of a recording device with the goal of upgrading the precision of information and guaranteeing a protected and enduring record. After the meeting, the recorded data will be interpreted to make a dependable hotspot for reference, notwithstanding approval. Results, Findings, and Data Analysis The adequacy of the information investigation will be dependent on the sort of inquiries utilized and the reactions from the members. The subjective strategy of investigation will be completed where illustrative examination of the ostensible information will aid the evaluation of fulfillment and inspiration of the member s in the 5-star inns. Conversation and Conclusion Discussion 5-star inns are a nearly novel area of the lodging segment, especially in China. In spite of the fact that the push-pull hypothesis will be utilized in the investigation of inspiration and fulfillment of buyers in this examination, just few investigations have utilized this hypothesis in 5-star inns. As this investigation attests, past examinations have not focused on the inspiration and fulfillment of customers in 5-star inns; henceforth, this examination will assume a key job in filling this re

Women in Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Ladies in Psychology - Essay Example Karen Horney kept up extra perspectives on youngsters and the beginning of nervousness, conceding her regard in the mental network. This task portrays the foundation of Karen Horney and features her numerous commitments to brain science. Karen Horney (1885-1952) experienced childhood in Hamburg, Germany to increasingly princely, upper-working class guardians with a Protestant foundation. Horney’s father was a profoundly strict man and a boat chief while her mom was a progressively liberal scholar who elevated Horney to prevail in clinical school (Smith, 2007). This was during a period in the mid twentieth Century when ladies had not yet accomplished the option to cast a ballot, making Horney’s appearance in clinical school in 1906 a grand occasion, particularly with her attention on considering Freud’s perspectives on analysis (Eckardt, 2005). In the 1920’s, Horney started to challenge Freud’s perspective on manliness and womanliness, particularly in territories of sexual turn of events and sexual nature. She started to scrutinize Freud’s viewpoint in which he accepted that ladies felt second rate compared to men since they didn't have a penis (Eckardt). Horney felt this was an uneven point of view, loaded with manly narcissism, which reliably made inclination against ladies during analysis. After some time, Horney redeveloped Freud’s see on female sexuality and made another format by which ladies are surveyed: One in which the nonattendance of a penis no longer turned into the apparent establishment of women’s inconveniences. As it, depended on the women’s testimonial developments happening during this timespan, Horney figured out how to free ladies when being dissected for mental examination as more than simply the result of manly jealousy. Sigmund Freud established the framework for a significant number of the perspectives on the time in regards to uneasiness and the improvement of constructive character qualities. Throughout the years, Karen Horney redeveloped the perspective on tension by proposing that nervousness isn't

The Junior Fall Line-Up, Part 2 Extracurriculars

The Junior Fall Line-Up, Part 2 Extracurriculars Overheard at MIT (Fall 2012) [MIT Sophomore walks around in a circle.] MIT Sophomore: I am doing no work :( MIT Freshman: Woahyou actually ARENT doing work, because the total work in circular motion is zero! FYI, the line my academic plans? Ive got bigger plans. Better plans. is from a musical written by MIT students that I performed in. The moral: there is more to MIT than earning your degree. Without further ado, these are the various extracurricular things that Im involved with this semester: Blogging This. French House Cooking I live in French House, one of the cultural houses within New House (the others are German House, Spanish House, Chocolate City, and International House.) New House doesnt have a dining plan, so its up to the residents to feed ourselves. Different living groups choose different self-feeding methods: French House has a very organized cooking system. The 25-or-so members are split up (by day of the week) into cooking teams of 3-5 people. Im on the Friday cooking team. This means that, every Friday, I show up in the kitchen at 4pm, cook with my team-mates, serve dinner at 6:15pm sharp, eat, then clean up. What we cook depends on whos cheffing. Within a cooking team, we rotate through being the chef. Its the chefs job to 1. Come up with a menu, which usually consists of four dishes. 2. Send the list of ingredients, and cooking instructions, to the French House food steward. The food steward multiplies the list of ingredients by whatever fraction necessary to feed the whole house, places the online order, and has it all delivered to the house in time for the cooking day. 3. Show up on the day, and ensure that all the dishes are cooked and served on time. I cheffed two Fridays ago. Heres what my menu was, in case youre curious (note that its not French, at all): FRUIT SALAD 1 pint fresh strawberries 1 pound seedless green grapes, halved 3 bananas, peeled and sliced 1 (8 ounce) container strawberry yogurt KEN SHOE GREEN BEANS ½ cup canola oil 1 pound fresh green beans, trimmed and cut into 2-inch pieces 1 tablespoon minced fresh ginger root 1 tablespoon minced garlic 1 ½ teaspoons dark soy sauce ½ teaspoon white sugar 1 pinch black pepper FILIPINO AVOCADO MILKSHAKE 1 avocado â€" peeled, pitted, and cubed 5 cubes ice 3 tablespoons hite sugar 1 1/3 cups milk 1 teaspoon fresh lemon or lime juice 1 scoop vanilla ice cream PINEAPPLE FRIED RICE 1 cup uncooked white rice 2 cups water 2 tablespoons sesame oil 3 green onions, thinly sliced including tops 1 cup diced ham 1/2 cup peas 1 (8 ounce) can pineapple chunks, drained 1 egg, beaten 1 tablespoon white sugar 1 teaspoon salt 1/2 teaspoon white pepper 1/2 teaspoon garlic powder 1/4 cup soy sauce The fried rice turned out kind of sticky, and I shouldve been a little braver about putting sauce on the green beans, but all in all I think it was a success. Om nom nom. MITs Educational Studies Program (ESP) I love teaching. In High School, I did a lot of tutoring and mentoring. ESP  runs a number of programs that give MIT undergraduates the opportunity to teach whatever they want: from random, one-off things like How much do you know about Canada? and Lockpicking 101 to full-year AP preparation courses. Since freshman year, Ive been teaching one-off classes in whatever strikes my fancy at the time (ex. Senses and Sense-abilities, a class about the neuroscience behind your sensory systems). Sophomore spring, my friend and J-Lab partner Eric 14 and I taught an eight-week introductory cosmology class, for High School students. This fall, Im preparing to teach two classes for ESPs big Splash event, in which a gazillion MIT students teach awesome one-off classes to a gazillion middle- and high-school kids: Introduction to Radio Astronomy, and Introduction to Pulsars. Basically: classes inspired by my summer research. This semester, Im also working behind-the-scenes with the ESP admin crew planning events, brainstorming ways to make the events better, that kind of thing. They are wonderful people. The BU (Boston University) Astronomy Club One of my friends from my summer research program goes to BU, and is the president of their astronomy club. They meet for an hour every Wednesday, then go help with the BU public observing night on the roof. They bring in speakers, travel to New Hampshire and Maine to observe, and are hoping to conduct a research project with Harvard this fall. On Wednesdays, I make the trek across the river its refreshing to get off-campus for a while, and geek out with non-MIT students. One of the perks of going to university in the Cambridge/Boston area: how many other awesome universities are in the area. Take advantage of it. French House Sports Im the sports chair for French House, which means that I coordinate our athletics program. This semester, well be fielding a badminton team for MITs intramural sports program.  This fits nicely with my: MedLinking + role as an Associate Advisor I will point you to one of my recent blog posts for a description. UROP with the MIT Astrophysics Division   My advisor from the summer collaborates with a professor in MITs Astrophysics division; I met with him a couple weeks back, and will be working with him through the year in the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP). The research he does nicely complements my work from the summer I feel prepared to jump right in without too much additional training and itll be nice to see pulsar/neutron star research from a different perspective. Now Im off to pset, because despite how exciting I am about my various extracurricular commitments, classes come first. Questions? Comment below. Post Tagged #French House #New House

Theory Of The Four Yugas - 1028 Words

Kristin Hager Professor D.T. Reusser Mythology- HUM 2143 29 April 2017 Theory of the Four Yugas Lasting four million three hundred twenty thousand years, are four ages known as Yugas. The ancients understood time as a circle, not linear. Each age has distinct themes and spiritual lessons. According to the Hinduism scriptures, all mortal beings are destined to pass through four great epochs in every cycle of creation and destruction. The world has already been through the first three and is currently passing through the fourth Yuga. It is believed that the world will end in a great conflagration after the last Yuga. To some, this appears too unrealistic to be true for the rational mind, so many may wonder: What defines each age? When and†¦show more content†¦The people had all fallen prey to delusion and all pious acts had been swallowed by greed.† Scientists have predicted that by the end of this Yuga people will hardly be older than twenty years and their only food will be meat. It’s depressing to say that our society’s actions are progressively getting worse as we continue to live during each age. It’s freighting to think of what is going to happen in the future. According to Hinduism.stackexchange.com, one cycle of all four Yugas is called a Maha Yuga, and one thousand Maha Yugas make up one Kalpa. A Kalpa constitutes just one day of Brahma, the creator god. After the day is over, Brahma goes to sleep, and then the night of Brahma commences. This night is the time period when the physical universe, along heavens and hells are destroyed by fire emanating from the mouth of Vishnu s serpent Adiseshan. Adiseshan is said to hold all the planets of the universe on his hoods and to constantly sing the glories of the God Vishnu from all his mouths. It is believe that after the disaster that Lord Brahma would recreate the universe and mankind will live once again. 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Giving birth to a new world-age called the Satya Yuga. By Sending a Nazi colony to the Neuschwabenland Himmler was ensuring that a remnant of the Aryan race would survive the global cataclysm and become the rulers of the world in the New-Age. According to believers of these theories, the Neuschwabenland colony survived not only the end of War World II, but a battle withRead MoreHindu Mythology2128 Words   |  9 Pagesby dismembering the cosmic man who was known as Purusa. (D.A Leerning, 2001)The importance of this myth is that the caste system is founded in it. The caste system says that certain sections of society are meant by birth for certain tasks. There are four traditional castes of Hindu society which are: priests (‘Brahmins’), nobles (‘kshatriyas’), general populace (‘vaishyas’) and the servants (‘shudras’ ); each was created for observance and performance of certain duties which carry particular importanceRead MorePhilosophy Essay1805 Words   |  8 Pagesin the Hindu perception the cosmos is re-created an infinite number of times. Hence, Hinduism is classified to follow a basic mathematical cycle in which is written as â€Å"One creation, destruction cycle† This is known in Hindu terminology as â€Å"One Maha-Yuga† of the cosmos. This takes approximately 8,640,000 human years. This could also be measured as a one full day in Brahma’s Life. Therefore 8,640,000 human years multiplied by 360 is one year in the life of Brahma or the cosmos. Since it is known thatRead More Hinduism Essay3998 Words   |  16 Pagesis â€Å"Sanatan Dharma†. Sanatan means eternal and Dharma means religion. 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The Great Puerto Rican Migration - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1506 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/10/31 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: The Great Migration Essay Did you like this example? US history have taken place for many different reasons pertaining to the laws and reasons of the great migrations. Although the immigration of Puerto Ricans isnt nearly as significant as many others, it has made enough of an impact to make it on to the history books. As mentioned by Bill Breisky in Looking for the Promise Land, Compared to historys great population shifts, the Puerto Rican migration to the mainland is not significant. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Great Puerto Rican Migration" essay for you Create order But in America, in this age of immigration quotas, it is a notable phenomenon. The chronicle of the migration is a story of how a partially cooled melting pot is making room for what may be its last great influx from a foreign land. As the time has passed since the first great migration in in the late 1800s, a population of over 5 million Puerto Ricans has formed over all 50 states according to the BEPR. Puerto Rican Immigration to New York in the 1800s was due to an extended period of injustice towards the residents on the island from the Crown in Spain and then later in the 1900s there was mass immigration again to New York due to the economy. Puerto Rico became a colony of Spain in 1508, it remained this way until 1898. In the years that it was a colony of Spain there was no middle class, only a royal class and the majority were poor. The lifestyle of the people was that of a very poor nation, as the crown got richer. This led to revolts and as soon as the United States ceded the Island from Spain in 1898 there was some people that immediately decided to leave. Many of those that wanted to couldnt because they could no afford it. So once Puerto Ricans finally had the right to move to the United States very few of them decided to leave. Although people in the United States attempted to describe Puerto Rico as a glamorous tourist destination, there was a time in the early 1900s that the island suffered a severe economic depression. Poverty was widespread, and very few could afford the expensive trip to the mainland. According to the article in the Library of Congress Immigration in 1910, there were fewer than 2,000 Puerto R icans in the continental U.S., mostly in small enclaves in New York City, and twenty years later, in 1930, there were only 40,000 more. Puerto Rican migration exploded once World War 2 ended. In 1945, only 13,000 Puerto Ricans lived in New York City; but after 1946 there were more than 50,000. That was the breaking point, over the next 10 years more than 25,000 Puerto Ricans started to migrate over each year, topping out in 1953, when more than 69,000 came in just that year. By 1955, there were almost 700,000 Puerto Ricans in the United States and by the mid-1960s, more than a million Puerto Ricans had moved over. From the 40s to the 60s Puerto Ricans viewed the United States as the land of opportunity. The mentality was that they would come to this land where there was a Gold Rush and they would make plenty of money. For some this was certainly the case and they found great success in places such as New York working industrial jobs or in California in the Steel Mill industry. Many found themselves on their way back home to the Island when they realized that they had moved to a culture they didnt understand, to a style of life they did not know to fit into and to an economy that although was rebuilding and booming didnt quite fit the description that they were told when the Industrial Recruiters went to the island to tell the people of these great jobs that were available. As mentioned in Of Immigrants and Migrants, Puerto Rican migrants brought greater social costs because they were entitled to access the American welfare state. In all technicality the movement of Puerto Ricans from the Islan d to the mainland is considered internal migration because Puerto Ricans are born Citizens. They have every major right that someone born in the 50 states has other than voting for congress, unless they move to a state and then they are qualified to vote for congress. This was such a false concept though, to consider Puerto Ricans migrating from the island to the mainland internal migration was far from accurate. They had to make an enormous transition from the Spanish culture to that of a growing developing nation with all sorts of diversity. The first large group of Puerto Rican to move over to the United States found themselves forming communities in cities throughout the country. Some of these cities were Chicago, Philadelphia. However, even though there were Puerto Ricans moving to other parts of the country, since the 1930s, the capital of Puerto Rican culture in the United States was New York City. Although it was far from the Caribbean the ability for Puerto Ricans to use Airplanes to migrate made the move attainable. Puerto Ricans found themselves moving in masses to a specific area of Manhattan, in a neighborhood that eventually was called Spanish Harlem. Most of these men and woman moving over to New York were farm workers in Puerto Rico, yet they had to adapt and so they found themselves getting jobs such as staffing the hospitals, the factories, the hotels, and they soon became a major part of the citys political and cultural life. The migration to the 50 states practically halted in the late 60s and was very slow all throughout the 70s, as a recession led to fewer jobs in large U.S. cities. This caused many of the first generation that moved to the States to start making their return to Puerto Rico. The ones that decided to stay started to run into very common issues for immigrants such as poverty, unemployment, and racial discrimination. As mentioned in the article Immigration, the darker-skinned Puerto Ricans were omitted from jobs and ran into the same issues that most other colored people a that time were running into with housing and education. Another major issue that Puerto Ricans ran into was the language barrier, which at times made it very difficult to find good paying jobs or the ability to go to government agencies and get adequate treatment. Eventually the second generation of U.S mainland born Puerto Ricans came around and new political movements were born as well. This generation of Puerto Ricans started to make the proper moves towards getting granted greater civil rights, such as education and less discrimination in the job market. The most major campaign that this generation brought on was the desire to change the status of Puerto Rico. Finally, the day came in a 1951 referendum, the Puerto Rican population voted and with overwhelming results the island became a U.S. commonwealth as they would rather that over remaining a colony. This was not enough for many Puerto Ricans and groups formed that called for full independence. This led to militant nationalists going as far as firing weapons on the U.S. House of Representatives as they attempted to assassinate President Harry Truman. There were also groups that form to create awareness for the people that remained on the island, which continued to struggle economically. All these tremendous efforts by the first and second generation of Immigrants from Puerto Rico carved the way for the rest of those that decided to keep moving into the 90s and 2000s. There are plenty of institutions such as churches, community centers, schools and businesses built by Puerto Ricans all throughout the country. The Puerto Rican parade is the largest parade for any cultural or ethnical group. Times were tough for many that came looking for opportunity in the United States in the early 1900s, as would be expected for any immigrant or internal migrant. Its never an easy task to leave the comfort of your native city or state so much less would it be an easy task to leave the comfort of your native country and culture and must fully immerse yourself into an entirely new one. Now the new generation all the way into the Milleniums get to enjoy a very normal American life and the immigration efforts of all their Grandparents and Great Grandparents have created a significant po pulation of Puerto Ricans in the USA that has become significant enough to sway elections and become a significant group to keep on your political side in states like Florida and New York according to the article Puerto Ricans in the United States, by the Oxford Research Encyclopedias. This has been a long time coming, many efforts initially came from those that were just trying to find a better life, then came the groups that simply wanted a change of scenery with a mix of those that really needed to find a better life and eventually left us with the generations that are living a very normal life from the day they are born without even having any recognition of why or how they ended up where they are.

The Modal Cosmological Argument Free Essays

THE REASONABLENESS OF ACCEPTING OR REJECTING THE MODAL COSMOLOGICAL ARGUMENT: In this essay I shall explain why it is reasonable to accept â€Å"The Modal Cosmological Argument† as a rational explanation for the existence of God. The modal cosmological argument makes use of â€Å"modal† elements such as possibility, necessary existence and contingent existence to prove that a necessary being – namely God – exists. It also applies to the entire cosmos and all possible cosmoi and therefore deemed to be â€Å"cosmological†. We will write a custom essay sample on The Modal Cosmological Argument or any similar topic only for you Order Now Medieval theologians and philosophers of different religious views have developed the MCA over time. Examples include; the Christian Thomas Aquinas, the Islamic Al Kindi Ibn Sina and the Jewish Moses Mainmonides. * The argument begins with the notion that every existing being or being which existed can either be a contingent being (something that depends on something other than itself for it’s existence) or self-existent. The second premise argues that if every being were dependent one would find that no being at all would ever exist or even come into existence. However, it is clear that some being does in fact exist even if it is only myself and therefore there MUST be at least one being who is independent, necessary and self-existing. * It is this being that we take to be God. This denial of universal dependancy stated in the second premise is known as the â€Å"Cosmological Insight†. The logic behind the cosmological insight can be illustrated using a simple analogy involving train coaches. A coach by nature relies on something else in order to move. If there was a system in which there were only train coaches present, one would find that there would be no motion. It would not matter whether there are an infinite series of coaches attached to one another or if they formed a complex loop. In order to introduce motion, one needs to add something radically different to the system which moves of its own accord. In this case it would be a locomotive. The same logic can be applied to the theory of existence. Contingent beings are unable to â€Å"generate† their own existence and require some sort of force to do this for them- a necessary being or God. * There are a number of possible alternatives to the Cosmological Insight that can be argued. However one finds that all these different notions result in inexplicable brute facts which are defined as facts that have â€Å"no explanation†. * If all beings are contingent then a set of them would have had to at some stage simply â€Å"pop† * into existence causing all the other beings in the cosmos. This idea results in complete and utter mystery as there isn’t anything to explain how the first few contingent beings came about. Before they apparently â€Å"popped into existence†*, there would have to have been a state of absolute metaphysical nothingness which raises the question as to how these beings appeared, since there would have been no resources available to them. One could choose to argue that perhaps contingent beings never had to â€Å"pop into existence† but instead have always simply been. At first this notion appears logical yet upon closer examination one finds it too leads to another brute fact as there is nothing to explain why these beings existed when they need not have done so in the first place. The same reasoning applies to the presence of an infinite series in which every contingent being was caused to exist by another. One could claim that If all contingent beings within this series has a cause and explanation in terms of its existence, then it isn’t necessary for the entire series to also have a cause and explanation- there is no further explanation required and therefore no mystery involved. But the catch here is that one still can’t explain why the infinite series exists when it need not have and so another brute fact arises. Another reason why this alternative is unsuitable is the fact that an infinite series may not even be possible. William Lane Craig demonstrates this idea using the example of â€Å"Hilbert’s Hotel†. * We are asked to Imagine that this particular hotel has an infinite number of rooms and that all these rooms are full. * When a new guest arrives requesting a room the hotel should in theory, be able to accomodate him by shifting each current guest next door until room no. 1 is vacant. * However e are reminded that before this new guest arrived, all the rooms were full thus showing that it isn’t possible for an infinite series to exist. * All these contingency only options result in brute fact. One could argue that there is actually nothing wrong with accepting this and that a brute fact shouldn’t be considered a weakness in the theories stated above. My response to this would be that unexplainable facts violate Principle of Sufficient Reason and are therefore are unacceptable. The Principle of Sufficient Reason claims that anything that happens does so for a specific purpose. In other words, there is an explanation as to why things are the way things are, as opposed to some other way they might have been. PSR therefore serves to support the Modal Cosmological Argument by making brute facts seem insufficient and inconclusive through use of the cosmological insight. It is important to note that accepting the existence of God is not the same as accepting a brute fact because God is the only possible reason as to why there is a contingent order. In order to violate PSR there would have to be another option other than God’s existence that is true and this is not the case. The Big Bang theory, the idea that the universe amounted from nothing and the notion that the universe has simply always existed all fail to explain why contingent beings exist. Therefore the presence of a necessary being is the only feasible option. In â€Å"Why I am not a Christian† Betrand Russell claims that the Modal Cosmological argument is unreasonable as it doesn’t account for where God himself comes from, â€Å"If everything must have a cause, then God must have a cause†. Similarly Richard Dawkins argues that the cosmological argument makes the â€Å"entirely unwarranted assumption† that God himself is i†mmune to regress†. * However it is these objections that are unwarranted simply because God is not in the same explanatory predicament as dependent beings. He is a necessary and radically different bein g who halts infinite regress of explanation ex hypothesi. Thus the MCA still stands. Upon review of the modal cosmological argument one can see that the conclusion of argument is logical and follows from the premises in a understandable manner. Intuitively the premises themselves can be said to be reasonable. The crux of the matter is the fact that the MCA depends on accepting the Principle of Sufficient Reason and thus if one refuses to do so, the entire argument collapses. In my opinion, it is rational to accept PSR because it is precisely what causes us to keep searching for explanations behind contingent facts until we find sufficient reason to doubt that there is an explanation. Decartes stated, â€Å"I think, therefore I am. * and it seems to me, that it is simply human nature to question the reasons behind the way things are. If we didn’t accept PSR life would be filled with unbearable uncertainty and one would find that science and philosophy itself would cease to exist because there would be no motivation whatsoever to broaden our understanding of how things work, their purposes and what causes them. The human race would be far less advanced in terms of knowledge and awareness. Therefore it is undoubtedly m ore reasonable to accept the modal cosmological argument than it would be to deny it. â€Å" How to cite The Modal Cosmological Argument, Papers

Management Information free essay sample

On September 17, the bank paid the check and charged it against Siegels account. F. Siegel discovered that the check had been paid and informed the bank that the check was postdated for November 14. G. Siegel demanded the funds be returned to his account and the bank refused. H. The bank refused to refund the $20,000 and Siegel sued for wrongful debit of his account. 3. Issue Is the bank required to refund Siegels money because the check was postdated for November 14? 4. Rule Commercial Code 542 (2d ed. 980). If the depositor were permitted to retain benefits, and recover the amount of the check as well, he would profit at the banks expense. Therefore, Section 4-407 provides that upon payment, the bank is subrogated to any rights prior holders may have had against the drawer-depositor, on either the check or the initial underlying transaction, and to any rights the drawer may have against the payee or other holders. We will write a custom essay sample on Management Information or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page G. L. c. 106, Section 4-407. 5. AnalysisThe Supreme Court held that:A. The check was a negotiable instrument. B. The Check was not payable until November 14. C. The bank was negligent in paying it before that date. D. The bank had no right to debit Siegels account. E. Siegel had not waived his rights or ratified the banks action and was not estopped from demanding the $20,000. F. The wrongful debit caused Siegel a loss of $20,000. 6. ConclusionThe Supreme Court held that New England Merchants National Bank wrongfully debited Siegels bank account.

Why Is Nubia Unknown Essays - Nubia, Meroitic Alphabet, Alodia

Why Is Nubia Unknown? Nubian civalization lasted 4400 years so why is it unkown? There are several reasons some of wich include. The most significant reason is simple predijice. Another reason is it's isolation. Also we have yet to decipher Nubia's writing. Finnally many of the records we have of Nubia were written by it's enemys. It is almost always the conquerers who write the history. As a result many of the ancient records place Nubia in an unfair light, and are not very trustworthy sources. We know Nubian writing, developed in Mero sometime around 170 BCE, is alphabetic. We even know the sound values for each of the letters. However scholars are still unable to decipher the language. Nubia is very isolated geographicly. It is surounded by deadly desert. Cateracts block travle along the Nile river. Its only neighboring civalization is Egyt. Because of this isolation little was known of Nubia in anceint times, except fantastic legends of gold and wealth. By far the greatest reason for are lack of knowledge of Nubian civalization is simple pedjudice. As far back a Greek times the ?black? race has been seen as infieror, and thus unworthy of the attention of historians. Indeed there is little mention of Nubia in the written records of western civalization from the time it was Cristianized in the 6th century till the 19th. Because of this predjidce scholars regarded Nubian civalization as inferior, derived almost completly from the (?white?) Egyptian culture. This lead to claims as far fetched as (?white?) Libian decended kings ruling Nubia. The only reason Nubia began to get some atention by scholars was when dams threatened to flood unexcavated sites forever. Still as late as 1960 only one Americain scholar was working in Nubian study. Thankfully this trend is changing, and we are begining to get a more accurate, less predjudiced History

Englishh Essay Example

Englishh Essay Example Englishh Essay Englishh Essay AO2: DESIGNING AN INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA PRODUCT Do not increase the size of the font to fill the space! Delete all the hints before you save your work! About the Event: Write a few sentences answering the following questions- 1. What will the event be called 2. Who is organising the event 3. What is the event in aid of 4. Where will the concert be held 5. How will the event raise money My Job: Write a few sentences answering the following questions- 1. What have you been asked to do 2. Why have you been asked to do this 3. Who will you be trying to promote the event to House Style Layout: 1. Choose a background colour for your presentation (it can be a solid colour or a gradient. It can also include patterns or other designs you think are suitable) 2. Choose thefont, size, colourand position for your title text 3. Choose the font, size, colour and position for your main body text Sample content goes here, sample content goes here, sample content goes here, sample content goes here. Sample content goes here, sample content goes here, sample content goes here, sample content goes here. Title House Styling: Use this space to give details of your house style. TIP. Your navigation will most likely be a mixture of hyperlink text and buttons Background colour- Title text font- Title text size- Title text colour- Main body text font- Main body text size- Main body text colour- Navigation- Slide transition- Navigation Plan: Create a tree diagram showing how your slides join together. Add Subordinate (below) and Co-worker (beside) boxes as you need them

STRATEGIC FAMILY THERAPY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

STRATEGIC FAMILY THERAPY - Essay Example The problematic family development formulation utilizes three models; structural model that focuses on flawed family levels, the cybernetic model and the functional model, which is concerned with how a family member develops symptoms to govern others (Yarhouse & Sells, 2008). Goals for therapy formulation imply that strategic family therapy focuses, not on personality or relationships, but it relies on strategies with a focus on the problem at hand to achieve therapy goals. Condition for change formulation focuses more on action-keeping motivation high and resistance low-to facilitate change. Normal family development is concerned with changing a dysfunctional family structure to a more functional one through examination of the family structure (Yarhouse & Sells, 2008). Reasons for picking the Strategic Family Therapy Theory for the Case of Joe and Beth My counseling style focuses on identifying the root course-symptoms-of a family’s current problem and offering solutions that help fix the problem. Therefore, the Strategic Family Therapy is an excellent choice in as far as the case of Joe and Beth is concerned. There is a need to cure the symptoms or courses of Joe’s infidelity, which is strategically the root course of the problem the family is experiencing. Additionally, Joe seems to argue that, his infidelity-the symptom-is unintentional. How it fits into the theory’s definition of â€Å"normal family development† The Strategic Family Therapy theory disregards the normality concept of family development. However, at some instances, such as Haley and Madanes model, the concept of normality is held with emphasis on distinct family boundaries (Yarhouse & Sells, 2008). It considers therapy as a way in which families can be able to change solutions in the event that they are not working. Therapy should be neutral and be able to alter a dysfunctional family structure and create one that is functional without placing expectations on memb ers. The counseling and therapeutic techniques employed for this case fit into this definition and concept in the sense that; there is a common belief that families always make common but imprudent efforts solve the problem facing them, as is in the case of Joe and Beth. This results in positive feedback loop that worsens the problem (Yarhouse & Sells, 2008). Therefore, a viable option to make is to identify the rules governing the loop, the feedback loop itself and change the rules and the loop. Because of the Strategic Family Therapy, the family is given an opportunity to examine the structure of their own family and be able to better the structure. How it fits into the theory’s development of behavior disorders Strategic Family Therapy theory development of behavior disorders utilizes three models; structural model that focuses on flawed family levels, the cybernetic model-runaway reaction loops and the functional model, which is concerned with how a family member develops symptoms to govern others. Focus is on the effect of the solutions attempted by the family with respect to the problem at hand (Yarhouse & Sells, 2008). Additionally, focus is on the relationship that exists between Joe, Beth and their two sons and how marital and unresolved conflicts in the family aggravate the problem. The counseling style used fits into the theories development since it focuses on the on the symptoms of a problem and how they are developed. Joe and Beth’s Family goals for therapy The first therapy goal for Joe and Beth’s family would be to identify the reasons for Joe’s unfaithfulness. This is a crucial goal for this family’s therapy since the problem they are currently facing is because of it.

Neptun Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Neptun - Essay Example This picture of Neptune was taken on August 20, 1989 by Voyager 2. In the center of the image, the Great Dark Spot can be seen. The latitude of the planet Neptune is 22 degrees south and circuits every 18.3 hours. The east and the south of the Great Dark Spot change their appearances constantly in four hours. The internal structure of Neptune can be inferred from the planet's radius, period of rotation, mass, and shape of its gravitational field and the behavior of hydrogen, helium, and water at high pressure. The picture shows a cut-away view of Neptune composed of an outer envelope of molecular hydrogen, helium and methane. Below this region Neptune is composed of a layer rich in water, methane, ammonia, and other elements with high temperatures and pressures. Ice and rock constitutes the core of Neptune. This picture gives a nearly true picture of Neptune taken by the Hubble Space Telescope's (HST) Wide Field Planetary Camera (WFPC), with a picture of Triton taken with the HST's Faint Object Camera. Even though, the image of Triton is faint but it clearly shows a bright equatorial region. In the lower left, the south pole is clearly visible. Near the bottom of the image a bright cloud feature can also be seen. It can be seen at 30S and 60S latitude. Another bright cloud can also be seen at 30N latitude in the northern hemisphere. The dynamic nature of Neptune is clearly visible from the fact that the second smaller ... In One feature that is conspicuous by its absence is the storm system known as the Great Dark Spot. HST Observes High Altitude Clouds These three pictures were taken on October 10, October 18 and November 2, 1994 when Neptune was only 4.5 billion kilometers from Earth. The pictures further proved the dynamic nature of the planet as the difference in the temperature between Neptune's Building on Voyager's initial discoveries, Hubble has revealed that Neptune has a remarkably dynamic atmosphere that changes over just a few days. Only in few days, the temperature difference between Neptune's strong internal heat source and its frigid cloud tops were-162 Celcius or -260 Fahrenheit which might be the causes that trigger instabilities in the atmosphere and result in large-scale weather changes. The high altitude methane ice-crystals can be seen in pink. New Dark Spot After the images in June 1994, which showed the disappearance of the Great Dark Spot, on November 2 a new spot, appeared near the limb of the planet. The new spot has high altitude clouds along its edge, resultant of gasses that have been pushed to higher altitudes where they cool to form methane ice crystal clouds. The dark spot may be a zone of clear gas that is a porthole to a cloud deck lower in the atmosphere. Cirrus-like Clouds Bands of sunlit cirrus-like clouds can be seen in this image of Neptune's northern hemisphere. 35 miles mellow, shadows are cast on the blue cloud deck. The width of the white streaky clouds ranges from 48 to 160 kilometers (30 to 100 miles) and extend over thousands of miles. True-color Image The picture taken by Voyager 2 has been edited

The Benefits Of Strategic Planning Business Essay

The Benefits Of Strategic Planning Business Essay Formal strategic planning is affected by the macro-environment and this is the highest level layer in the framework, this consists of a wide range of environmental factors that impact to some extent on almost all organisations. The PESTEL framework can be used to identify how future trends in the Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environment and Legal environments might affect an organisation. Pestel analysis provides the broad date from which key drivers to change can be identified. By using these key drivers organisations can envision scenarios for the future. Scenarios can be used to help organisations decide if change needs to happen depending on the different ways in which the business environment may change. It is important for managers to analyse these factors in the present and how they are likely to change in the future. By analysing these, managers will be able to draw out implications for the organisation. Pestel factors are sometimes linked together i.e. technological factors can impact on economic factors. It is necessary to identify the key drivers of change these are environmental factors that are likely to have a high impact on the success or failure of the strategy. Key drivers vary by industry i.e. Primark may be concerned by social changes that can change customer tastes and behaviours. The critical issues are the implications that are drawn from the understanding in guiding strategic decisions and choices. The next stage is drawn from the environmental analysis specifically strategic opportunities and threats for the organisation. Having the ability to identify these opportunities and threats is extremely valuable when thinking about strategic choices for the future. Opportunities and threats form one half of the SWOT analysis that shapes a companys formulation. The use of SWOT analysis can help summarise the key issues from the business environment and the strategic capability of an organisation that are most likely to impact on strategy development. Once the key issues have been identified an organisation can then assess if it is capable to deal with the changes taking place within the business environment. If the strategic capability is to be understood the business must remember that it is not absolute but relative to its competitors. SWOT analysis is only useful if it is comparative, that is it examines strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. SWOT analysis should help focus discussion on the future choices and to what extent an organisation is capable of supporting these strategies. SWOT analysis should not be used a substitute for more in-depth analysis. In responding strategically to the environment the goal is to reduce identified threats and take advantages of the best opportunities. Peter Drucker (1954), discussing the importance of business policy and strategic planning in his book The Practice of Management says we cannot be content with plans for a future that we can foresee. We must prepare for all possible and a good many impossible contingencies. We must have a workable solution for anything that may come up. By taking advantage of the strategic gap (which is an opportunity in the competitive environment that has not been fully exploited by competitors) organisations can manage threats and opportunities. Core competencies are a set of linked business processes that deliver superior value to the customer, when these are combined they create strategic value and can lead to competitive advantage. By using Porters five forces analysis which is a framework for organisations to analyse industry and business strategy, they can draw upon the five forces that determine the competitive intensity and therefore attractiveness of a market. Three of Porters five forces refer to competition from external sources and the other two are internal threats. This analysis is just one part of the complete Porter strategic model the others include the value chain (VC) and the generic strategies. According to Porter (2008) the job of a strategist is too understand and cope with competition; however managers define competition too narrowly as if it has occurred only among today direct competitors. Competition goes beyond profits to include competitive forces such as customers, suppliers, potential entrants and substitute products; the extended rivalry that results from all five forces defines an industrys structure and shapes the nature of competition within an industry. For example Apple are good at technology and innovation therefore they can take the opportunities that give them competitive advantage and makes them leaders compared to Samsung or Nokia. Porters says there are 5 forces that shape the competition: Threat of new entrants Bargaining power of customers powerful customers usually bargain for better services which involve cost and investment Bargaining power of suppliers may determine the cost of raw materials and other inputs effecting profitability Rivalry among competitors competition influences the pricing and other costs like advertising etc. Threats from substitutes where-ever substantial investments in RD is taking place, the threat of substitutes is large. It also affects profitability. Competitive advantage is the heart of strategy and for the strategy to succeed the organisation should have relevant competitive advantage. We can see an example of this with Toshiba who operate in electrical goods, through a flexible manufacturing system it manufactures different products / varieties of some products on the same assembly lines. At Ohme it assembles nine varieties of computers on the same line and on the adjacent line it assembles 20 varieties of lap top computers. It is able to switch from one product / variety to another instantly at low cost and makes profits on low volume runs too. This flexibility of Toshiba to respond quickly and easily to the fast changing market demand is definitely one of its competitive advantages. Whereas its competitors make profits only through long volume runs of a particular model. However, there are a lot of companies who are choosing not to invest due to the recession; however Lidl and Aldi are taking advantage of supplying cheaper products giving them competitive advantage over say Waitrose. Benefits of Strategic Planning Effective strategic planning can positively improve the performance of an organisation and give them the ability to serve more clients, access additional resources or enhance the quality of service/product. It can also offer solutions to major organisational issues or challenges and gives stakeholders of the organisation an opportunity to develop harmonic solutions to long-term issues/challenges that have been affecting the organisation. Furthermore it allows for forward thinking, allowing an organisation the opportunity to pause and revisit the mission and create long-term vision. It allows clear future direction allowing stakeholders to look to the future, plan and respond to changes. Evaluation One of the major drawbacks of formal strategic planning is the uncertain dynamic environment, things change constantly and everything becomes shorter. The recession at the present time is making everything unpredictable and this is not good for strategic planning. According to Mintzberg (1994) strategic planning should be used to devise and implement the competitiveness of each business unit. Scientific management was pioneered by Fredrick Taylor (1856-1915) and involved separating thinking from doing and thus creating a new function staffed by specialists. Planning systems were expected to produce the best strategies as well as step by step instructions on how to achieve this, but this never worked well. According to Mintzberg strategic planning is not strategic thinking, the most successful strategies are visions, not plans. When an organisation can differentiate between planning and strategic thinking they can then get back to what the strategy making process should be. Once a manger has the ability to learn from all sources around him, including personal experiences and market research and can integrate this into a vision of the direction that the business can then pursue. Mintzberg suggests that strategic planning is a misconception and rests upon three unsound arguments: that prediction is possible, thats strategists can be detached from the subjects of their strategies, and that the strategy-making process can be formalised. Strategic thinkers can apply lessons learned from Mintzberg (1994) three inherent fallacies of traditional planning: The Fallacy of Prediction is the assumption that we can actually control events through a formalised process that involves people engaged in creative or even routine work and can manage to stay on the predicted course. You need more than hard facts you need the personal touch. People are not objective, they are complex. The Fallacy of Detachment is the assumption we can separate the planning from the doing, if the system does the thinking, then strategies must be detached from the tactics. Formulation from implementation, thinkers from doers. One objective is to make sure senior managers receive relevant information without having to immense themselves in the details. One fact is innovation has never been institutionalised and systems have never been able to reproduce the synthesis created by the entrepreneur or the ordinary strategist and probably never will. The Fallacy of Formulisation suggests that systems could certainly process more information, at least hard information. However they could never internalise it, comprehend it, and put it all together. Such control is more a dream that a reality. Reality tells us that anomalies, the fickle behaviour of humans and the limitations of analysis play a huge factor in the organisational outcomes and to disregard them is risky and could lead to incomplete planning. What are the limitations of strategic planning when things are changing rapidly? The limitations of formal strategic planning can be seen if the future is uncertain and the expectations divert from the plan. There could also be internal resistance to formal strategic planning due to factors including: Information flows, decision making and power relationships could be unsettled Current operating problems may drive out long-term planning efforts There are risks and fears of failure New demands will be placed on managers and staff Conflicts with the organisation are exposed Planning is expensive in time and money Planning is difficult and hard work The completed plan limits choices and activities for the organisation in the future CONCLUSIONS The question posed seems to be is strategic planning worthwhile. The answer to this lies within the organisation and is dependent upon size. It seems that the ability to learn and implement strategies contributes to the business performance of small or medium sized companies in a dynamic industry. Leadership is important and organisations today have to deal with dynamic and uncertain environments. To ensure success organisations must be strategically aware. They must understand how changes in their competitive environment are unfolding. They should constantly be on the lookout for new opportunities to exploit their strategic abilities, build on awareness and understanding of current strategies and successes. Organisations must be able to respond quickly in response to opportunities and threats. Organisations must compete effectively and out-perform their rivals in a dynamic environment; they must find suitable ways for creating and adding value for their customers. Overall they must be flexible. Organisations could think about changing their strategy to an emergent strategy which would allow them to adapt to new ideas and according to change. Emergent strategy implies that an organisation is learning what works in practice. An example of this is Groupon who provide daily deals in large cities and in return Groupon get a percentage of the deal usually 50% from the company providing the deal. The company is on track to make $500M in revenue this year and has raised its last round at a $1.35B valuation. Groupon is an example of an emergent strategy which has transformed several times. Organisations could think about downsizing production before closure as companies are killed due to an uncertain dynamic environment. In an article labelled The Real Value of Strategic Planning one manager said our planning process is like a primitive tribal ritual there is a lot of dancing, waving of feathers and beating of drums. No one is exactly sure why we do it, but there is an almost mystical hope that something good will come out of it. Another said, Its like the old Communist system: We pretend to make strategy and they pretend to follow it. Henry Mintzberg has gone so far as to label the phrase strategic planning an oxymoron. He notes that real strategy is made informally in hallway conversations, in working groups, and in quiet moments of reflection on long plane flights and rarely in the panelled conference rooms where formal planning meetings are held.

Bad Samarians

Ha-Joon Chang is a Cambridge heterodox economist, who specializes in development economics and the abject poverty of the Third World countries. Trained at the University of Cambridge, he has served as a consultant to the World Bank, the European Investment Bank, and various United Nations agencies. Since 1992 he has also served on the editorial board of the Cambridge Journal of Economics, he is the author and contributor of many researches in economics.The objective of this essay – to review his views described in his controversial new book â€Å"Bad Samaritans: The Myth of Free Trade and the Secret History of Capitalism,† and to compare it with the more traditional views where it possible. Bad Samaritans Mostly in his book Ha-Joon Chang appeals to his opponents, orthodox economists, and generalists in particular. Ha-Joon Chang has wide personal experience because he was born in the country that was one of the poorest on Earth that time. The new book starts with the des cription of economic downturn in Korea after the Korean War.It is hard to believe, but the famous Samsung Company that time was subsidized by sugar refining and textile enterprises. Another big company, Pohang Iron and Steel Co. , or POSCO, which now is the third largest steel company in the world, was state-owned and couldn’t get the support from the World Bank. Analyzing the development of other economics in the 1960s, the author notices that Japanese government refused to follow the politics of free trade that time and this decision had a positive impact on Japanese car manufacturing industry.In other case modern famous Japanese companies could be the filials of Western companies, and nothing more. This thonking leads the reader to the concept of what Ha-Joon Chang calls the â€Å"Bad Samaritans. † As the author described, â€Å"people in the rich countries who preach free markets and free trade to the poor countries in order to capture larger shares of the latterà ¢â‚¬â„¢s markets and preempt the emergence of possible competitors. They are saying ‘do as we say, not as we did’ and act as Bad Samaritans, taking advantage of others who are in trouble.† Chang divides â€Å"Bad Samaritans† into two groups: first are the leaders working in the â€Å"unholy trinity† of global financial organizations: World Bank, World Trade Organization and International Monetary Fund, and second are the ideologues – â€Å"those who believe in Bad Samaritan policies because they think those policies are ‘right,’ not because they personally benefit from them much, if at all. † The common feature of both groups is the adherence to a doctrine called â€Å"neoliberalism†, which is dominating in the global economy from 1970s till nowadays.The worst in this doctrine, according the opinion of the author, is the fact that those countries that propagate this doctrine all over the world reject its implementati on in their own economical systems. The key characteristics of neoliberalistic economics were called â€Å"Golden Straitjacket,† which is the only root to economic success according its advocates, like â€Å"unholy trinity†. They actively implement this economic policy in poor and developing countries.As it known from the Nobel-awarded researchers of orthodox economists, the Golden Straitjacket policy struggle for trade liberalization, reducing corruption and state bureaucracy, privatization of state-owned enterprises and pensions, balancing the national budget, intellectual rights protection and other trends and policies which are intended to guarantee the stable economic growth. In real life the implementation of these policies in developing countries leads to creation of economical dependence from global financial organizations.At the same time the most developed countries don’t implement the Golden Straitjacket policy. Ha-Joon Chang writes: â€Å"Practicall y all of today’s developed countries, including Britain and the US, the supposed homes of the free market and free trade, have become rich on the basis of policy recipes that go against neo-liberal economics. † Rich countries protect their manufacturer from the foreign investments and use subsidies and protections to protect their industries. The WTO sanctions are considered by rich countries as the lesser evil.Chang enumerates prominent men from different countries whose economic solutions became the basis of their countries flourishing. All of them struggled for the development of the national production and used protectionists’ politics. Chang notices out that nowadays the most developed countries do the same, especially the USA. He claims the Third World War has already begun and the USA tries to maintain its position as global hegemon. There are already conquered sides in this war, and one of them is the African countries. As the result of neoliberalism poli cy,The living standards in Africa are falling within the recent thirty years, because IMF and World Bank run most of African economies virtually. All the features of neoliberalizm described above were implemented in African countries. As the result the struggle with corruption ruined the system of communities existed before, the struggle with bureaucracy left courtiers without the perfect executive power branch, the intellectual property protection prevented the development of sciences, and pension privatization left the elder people to the poverty.Chang criticizes the struggle with the corruption because, according his words, â€Å"Most of today’s rich countries successfully industrialized despite the fact that their own public life was spectacularly corrupt. † Another object of sharp critics of the author is the concept of cultural influence on the economical performance of the country. The popular idea tells that the culture if the country defined the business metho ds of its people and thus their economic success. First this idea is an intolerant and chauvinists’ one, second, cultural differenced fail be the main explanation for economic success.He claims that the culture of the country is the result of economical development and not the cause. Using the chapters describing the mechanisms of economical development in different countries Chang proves that cultural explanation is just the screen to mask the real reason: the richest countries are afraid of competitors from below and do their best to annihilate the possible competition in the moment of origin. Generally, Chang writes, the policy of protectionism is absolutely normal, because it exists for ages. The problem is in hypocrisy surrounding â€Å"free trade†.According to Chang, â€Å"Belief in the virtue of free trade is so central to the neo-liberal orthodoxy that it is effectively what defines a neo-liberal economist. You may question (if not totally reject) any other el ement of the neo-liberal agenda—open capital markets, strong patents, or even privatization—and still stay in the neo-liberal church. However, once you object to free trade, you are effectively inviting ex-communication. † Analyzing the existing situation on the global market, Chang concludes that the golden straitjacket fits the healthy countries only.This policy allows production distribution between countries, and poor countries are forces to specialize in the sector s that â€Å"offer low productivity growth and thus low growth in living standards. This is why so few countries have succeeded with free trade, while most successful countries have used infant industry protection to one degree or another. † Thus, the free trade, according the Chang, is a fiction and the tool for rich countries and â€Å"unholy trinity† for redistribution of wealth. ConclusionThe views of Ha-Joon Chang to the development of global economy nowadays are contradictory a nd don’t correspond to the mainstream in the economical science. However there are many writers and scientists with the same mind who share Chang’s ideas that the ideology of free trade and its implementation are two different things, and the first of them can be used as the powerful tool of economical influence. Reference Ha-Joon Chang. 2007. Bad Samaritans:The Myth of Free Trade and the Secret History of Capitalism. Bloomsbury Press

My Autobiography Essay

I was born on a warm, sunny day in March 31, 1999 at Brgy. Sagpatan, Dingras, Ilocos Norte. I still live in Brgy. Sagpatan, Dingras, Ilocos Norte, and I go to school at Lt. Edgar Foz Memorial National High School/Dingras National High School (San Marcos Campus) as a graduating student. I live with my father, Francisco J. Serrano which is working at Hyosung Corporation as a Foreman; my mother, Eduardina G. Serrano, a former OFW at Hong Kong; my 2 brothers, Francis Dan G. Serrano which is studying at Marcos Agro-Industrial School with his course Automotive Servicing NCII and Frederick G. Serrano my younger brother which is studying at Sagpatan Elementary School as a Grade V pupil; my sister Franz Diane, the youngest of us, which is studying at Sagpatan Elementary School as a Grade III pupil; and grandmother Alejandra Serrano. I graduated primary level at Sagpatan Elementary School as a salutatorian and now I am in secondary level and I want to graduate with honor. If I graduate seconda ry I want to continue my study at Mariano Marcos State University (College of Education) with the course BS in Secondary Education Major in Trigonometry and Minor in Geometry.

Booker T. Washington s Achievements - 1440 Words

Booker T. Washington was a very well respected man who also had many people that questioned his knowledge and beliefs. One of the most prominent men that questioned Washington was W.E.B. Du Bois. Du Bois believed differently than Washington and raised numerous questions about Washington’s achievements, but they both ultimately were striving for the same goal. They both wanted African Americans to be equals, and furthermore wanted a level playing field for all, regardless of their skin color. The problem was that they differed on the way to achieve this goal. Du Bois was critical of Washington in the way he handled the civil and political rights of African Americans, the way he stressed industrial revolution over higher education, and the time frame in which to accomplish this ultimate goal they both strove for. To understand all the differences between these two men, we must first look to how and where they were raised. Booker T. Washington was born on a plantation in Franklin County, Virginia in 1858. When Washington was eight his family, and all the slaves, were declared free by the Emancipation Proclamation. Washington then worked the rest of his life on becoming something great. With the help of others, he was able to attend the Hampton Institute, and later continued his life work at the Tuskegee. Washington was basically able to create Tuskegee from nothing and devoted himself in every aspect of his life to making it a prestigious school. Washington states, [A]s I lookShow MoreRelatedW.E.B. Du Bois vs. Booker T. Washington1344 Words   |  6 PagesA Clash of Ideologies: W.E.B. Du Bois vs. Booker T. Washington During the turn of the century, between the years 1895 and 1915 there were many theories of how African Americans were going to achieve first-class citizenship. At this time first-class citizenship was determined by at least three aspects: political power, civil rights, and the higher education of Negro youth. Two prominent black leaders arose in order to accomplish this feat. They had two different ideas for one goal. These two blackRead MoreBooker T. Washington ( 1856-1915 )1856 Words   |  8 PagesBooker T. Washington (1856-1915) was a standout amongst the most persuasive (and questionable) African Americans ever. Brought up the child of a slave mother, Washington was self-propelled and focused on his own training from a youthful age. The tumultuous time in America s history amid which he lived managed him new opportunities that originated from Abraham Lincoln s Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 and the inevitable achievement of the North in the Civil War. He took the first cha nce to goRead MoreEssay on Comparing W.E.B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington1350 Words   |  6 PagesComparing W.E.B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington W. E. B. Du Bois and Booker T Washington had very different views about their culture and country. Du Bois, being born in the North and studying in Europe, was fascinated with the idea of Socialism and Communism. Booker T Washington, on the other hand, was born in the South, and like so many others, had a Black mother and a White father. Thus being born half-white, his views and ideas were sometimes not in the best interest of his peopleRead MoreThe Dynamic Between Blacks And Blacks By Booker T. Washington Essay1601 Words   |  7 Pagesroles of whites and blacks alteredreoriented, the ways in which the two groups interacted changed as well – the South was truly â€Å"reconstructed†. Booker T. Washington lived through this time, becoming famousrenowned for his conservative navigation of the evolving racial climate and hisremembered for his historic and became famous for a number of achievements. 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The following paper will show you the trials and tribulations of African Americans from the beginning through to the 1940’s where segregation was at its peak. Terrified by the changing of the Black’s status, before the Civil War had even finished, Southerners started a huge counterattack aimed at overpowering their former slaves. In 1896 their efforts to overpower themRead MoreWilliam Dubois And African American Achievement Since The Paris World s Fair818 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam DuBois was one of this country s most important activist and educator. He was born in 1868 in a small village in Massachusetts. DuBois was attacked by racism in 19th century while attending Fisk University in Nashville. While completing his graduate studies at Harvard , W.E.B Duboi wrote an passage on the history of the slave trade. The slave trade is still considered one of the most talked about subject today. In 1895 W.E.B. Dubois was the first ever African American to earn a doctor degree